Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review

There has been significant growth in research on intermodal transport in freight distribution since the 1990s. Differentiating itself from previously published literature reviews, this paper evaluates the current state of this research using Systematic Literature Review methodology. The complementary aims are: (a) to identify the research lines developed and to propose a criterion for classifying the literature, and (b) to discuss the empirical evidence that identifies existing interrelationships. The analysis has enabled three main lines of research to be identified. The first research line, basic principles of intermodal transport, groups together works related to the definition of intermodal transport and the results obtained using this transportation system. The second, improvements to the way that intermodal transport systems work, frames elements and variables that impact intermodal transport systems’ logistics efficiency, such as quality of service, information and communication systems, and freight planning and linkages among system operators to provide an adequate service. Finally, the third line, intermodal transport system modelling, identifies the main variables used to optimise these transport systems, the different focuses and approaches used in modelling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each focus. These research lines take in more specific sublines that incorporate articles that develop related research questions. Lastly, the discussion of the content of each of these research sublines enables us to identify gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research.     

Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature

Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users.     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

囊式空气弹簧机械阻抗特性研究

根据小幅振动的线性叠加原理将囊式空气弹簧分成几个简单的可解析计算的规则区域,结合线性空气波动理论求解出空气弹簧内部声压场的分布。根据弹性薄壳无矩理论推导出旋转壳体状态向量的一阶常微分矩阵方程,利用齐次扩容精细积分法推导出壳体的传递矩阵,结合动力平衡方程求出空气弹簧在位移谐波激励下所受到的激励力,进而得出其机械阻抗。算例结果表明该方法合理可行,为运用近似解析法分析空气弹簧的阻抗特性提供了一种新的思路。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的GPS信号跟踪技术

提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的GPS信号跟踪方法,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器,得到基于相干积分支路的滤波模型,有效地削弱常规GPS跟踪环路中的跟踪误差,增强接收机的抗干扰性能,提升其在信号较弱位置下环路的跟踪性能,对加入惯性信息条件下惯性信息对系统所产生的影响做了相应的分析研究。通过仿真对比结果可以知道:当处于弱信号条件时,与通常用到的GPS信号跟踪方式相比,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的信号跟踪算法可以有效提升跟踪的精度。     

沿海港口煤炭专业化运输系统适应性探讨

结合全国煤炭生产消费及调运情况,分析北方煤炭下水港布局、后方铁路通道规划建设及煤炭下水趋势对专业化煤炭下水港未来发展的影响,研究南方煤炭接卸港码头布局、外贸进口煤炭和煤炭中转基地建设及接卸港发展趋势对接卸港布局及建设的影响,对全国沿海港口煤炭专业化运输系统分区域、分结构的适应性进行探讨,并提出问题及建议。     

长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺

针对长江口地区近年来出现的新圈围造地工程,因条件限制或成本控制不宜设置储泥坑的情况,通过长兴潜堤工程实例,介绍长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺,对工艺中的疏浚施工、艏吹抛锚定位以及吹泥施工等关键技术进行重点阐述。该工艺无需设置中转储泥坑,疏浚土一次性吹填上岸,并用于造地成陆,在长江口地区应用效果较好。     

燃气蒸汽式弹射内弹道研究

燃气-蒸汽式弹射方式以其结构简单、温度适中、压力输出平稳等优点,被越来越广泛地应用到水下运载器的发射系统中,深入研究燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的内流场对弹射装置的设计、改进具有重要意义.本文通过采用3种不同仿真模型对燃气-蒸汽式弹射内弹道进行计算,结果表明:对流场进行仿真计算时应同时引入汽化模型和组分输运模型,其仿真结果与实际情况更为相符.汽化模型对流场温度的影响比对压力和速度的影响更为明显.研究成果可为燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的设计与改进提供理论支撑.     

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概要地介绍了“十五”国家科技攻关计划项目“中国智能交通系统发展战略研究”的主要内容和结论，该研究站在全局的高度，围绕国家综合交通的发展目标，深入地分析了我国交通运输的需求和必须解决的重大问题，客观评价了国际和国内智能交通的发展水平以及我国的差距，提出未来10～15年我国智能交通发展的指导思想、战略目标、各阶段的重点战略目标及保障措施和建议等。课题的研究成果将为编制我国智能交通的发展规划提供科学依据。