大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙关键技术

以4座主跨超过400 m的钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙控制为背景,对大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙的2种方法进行对比分析,对合龙各主要工序的关键技术进行研究。提出了合龙段配切长度的计算公式和合龙口宽度连续观测的测点布置方式。建议:在调整好合龙口姿态后可不加压重,也可不采用临时劲性骨架锁定;采用无线采集设备采集合龙口结构的温度场,用激光测距仪测量合龙口宽度以提高观测效率和安全性;在悬臂施工阶段关注梁长累计误差并通过调整后续梁段的制造长度消除之。     

桥墩及桩基形式对墩底平转施工转盘设计的影响

以新建福厦(福州—厦门)高速铁路17500 t转体刚构为背景,采用实体有限元方法分析了不同桥墩类型及桩基布置对墩底平转转体中转盘受力的影响,并对桥墩及桩基进行了优化。结果表明:实体墩对上转盘受力最有利,其次是空心墩,最不利的是双薄壁墩;增加墩底实体段能够有效降低空心墩、双薄壁墩上转盘的主拉应力;随着墩底实体段高度的增加,主拉应力降低的幅度逐渐变小;球铰正下方有桩基时对下转盘底部受力更加有利;距离球铰中心越远,桩基受力越小,适当增加中桩桩径,可使各桩基应力状态更加均衡。     

基于WATV去噪的冲击特征提取方法在高速列车轴承故障诊断中的应用

提取高速列车轴承故障振动信号中的冲击特征,可以有效地对其进行故障诊断。利用小波-全变差(Wavelet-Total Variation,WATV)算法能够对信号进行稀疏引导的特点,提出了基于WATV去噪的冲击特征提取方法。该算法针对含噪声冲击特征的提取问题构建了目标优化函数,该函数融合了冲击特征的保真度度量算子以及惩罚因子。利用凸优化理论可对目标函数进行求解,从而增强信号在小波域和时域的稀疏性,使得特征提取结果最优化。通过构造一仿真信号对WATV算法的有效性进行了验证,并将该方法应用于高速列车齿轮箱轴承故障诊断中。结果表明,该方法能够很好地提取出信号中的冲击特征,并且频谱中的故障表征明显,能够有效地应用于高速列车轴承故障诊断中。     

轨道交通科研项目管理平台功能应用分析

将科研管理项目按研发内容分类、分级、逐层分解,并将其中的主要数据录入数据平台后,可以形成可用的科研管理项目平台的数据分析模型。轨道交通科研项目的主要数据具有大量、高速、多样、高价值的特点,完全符合数据分析的工作要求。结合轨道交通科研项目开发体系管理工作的特点,通过各项目数据的快速查询调用、分解及比对分析,可以取得更直观、更有效、更简洁的管理效果,提高对科研项目的执行的保障效率,增强对预算投入等的监督力度。以实际科研项目的数据应用为例,分析了科研项目管理平台的功能。     

列车牵引制动指令冲突故障分析及改进措施

北京地铁16号线列车运行过程中发生牵引制动指令冲突故障,通过对车辆牵引制动指令的输出和读入原理的梳理,分析总结了导致牵引制动指令冲突故障发生的原因,改进了电路设计,排除了故障,消除了车辆由此设计带来的安全隐患。     

车辆隔热壁K值计算中空气层的处理方法

对轨道交通车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁进行隔热性能理论计算与仿真计算的对比,对隔热壁内部空气层的隔热性能进行分析。结论为:在车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁K值计算中,当空气层厚度大于一定厚度时,流体自然对流对隔热壁的隔热性能影响较大。利用多项式密度(Polynomial Denisity)和Boussinesq模型两种算法,对所得结论进行了验证。     

电动汽车动力电池热失控过程分析及预警机制设计

文章通过实验数据对热失控发生的过程进行分析,提取出关键的信号特征。设计出一套全面完整的热失控预警系统,并总结出多个报警条件,避免出现故障的误报及漏报的情况。最后介绍了热失控预警后整车及大数据的应对措施。     

浅析涂装涂膜缺陷分析工具及方法

文章结合涂装车间生产现场实例,介绍了涂膜缺陷在线放大观察法,偏光显微镜法,逐层打磨+在线放大观察法,断面取样+显微放大法,扫描电镜+能谱分析仪法所使用工具,操作方法,优缺点及实例图片,对涂膜缺陷分析具有一定得指导意义。     

Comparing different contour methods with response-based methods for extreme ship response analysis

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. They facilitate approximate long term analysis of critical structural responses in situations where computationally heavy and time-consuming response calculations makes full long-term analysis infeasible. The environmental contour method identifies extreme environmental conditions that are expected to give rise to extreme structural response of marine structures. The extreme responses can then be estimated by performing response calculations for environmental conditions along the contours.Response-based analysis is an alternative, where extreme value analysis is performed on the actual response rather than on the environmental conditions. For complex structures, this is often not practical due to computationally heavy response calculations. However, by establishing statistical emulators of the response, using machine learning techniques, one may obtain long time-series of the structural response and use this to estimate extreme responses.In this paper, various contour methods will be compared to response-based estimation of extreme vertical bending moment for a tanker. A response emulator based on Gaussian processes regression with adaptive sampling has been established based on response calculations from a hydrodynamic model. Long time-series of sea-state parameters such as significant wave height and wave period are used to construct N-year environmental contours and the extreme N-year response is estimated from numerical calculations for identified sea states. At the same time, the response emulator is applied on the time series to provide long time-series of structural response, in this case vertical bending moment of a tanker. Extreme value analysis is then performed directly on the responses to estimate the N-year extreme response. The results from either method will then be compared, and it is possible to evaluate the accuracy of the environmental contour method in estimating the response. Moreover, different contour methods will be compared.     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.