The effect of weld residual stress on fracture toughness at the intersection of two welding lines of offshore tubular structure

Due to the spatial complexity and fabrication characteristics of offshore platforms, it is inevitable to encounter overlaps or proximity of weld lines in tubular joints. Several international standards such as American Petroleum Institute (API), American Welding Society (AWS), and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) regulate the minimum distance between primary weld beads; however, any logical and detailed background of this limitation has not been presented. For a non-compliant weld joint where the regulation is not met, fracture toughness calculation is a typical index to verify the structural integrity.This research consists of two parts. First, weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Two crossing welds, a T-weld crossing on a butt weld, are simulated in one model. A separate tee and a butt welding simulations are also performed for a comparative purpose. Second, SIFs and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four different types of semi-elliptical surface cracks. Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thermo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions. An additional axial tensile load is also imposed. SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them. From the simulation, a tubular joint containing a chord girth weld intersected with weld beads of brace is found to show lower the SIF values than that having only a girth weld on chord.     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

超声冲击对海洋工程大厚度高强钢焊接残余应力的影响

对海洋工程大厚度高强钢焊接结构焊后焊缝及母材进行局部超声冲击处理,采用X射线衍射法和小孔法测试冲击前后的残余应力,分析超声冲击工艺对焊接残余应力的影响.研究结果表明:大厚度高强钢焊接结构经覆盖焊缝及母材局部超声冲击处理后,焊接残余应力显著降低,冲击区域拉应力全部转化为压应力,压应力大小均匀,XRD测试压应力均值达到母材理论屈服强度的0.50~0.80倍,小孔法测试压应力均值达到母材理论屈服强度的1.10~1.30倍;EQ47拘束态高强钢焊接结构分别采用冲击强度10 s/cm2与20 s/cm2冲击后,冲击区域形成的压应力基本一致,纵向应力与横向应力大小接近,20 s/cm2冲击强度下纵向应力与横向应力接近水平优于10 s/cm2.     

钢桁梁桥整体节点焊接残余应力试验

为研究东江大桥整体节点焊接残余应力的大小及分布规律,采用与实桥相同的焊接工艺制作了实桥E16节点的1∶1足尺模型,用盲孔法对该节点模型各主要焊缝的残余应力大小与分布进行了测试。结果表明:对于整体节点而言,焊接过程会产生很大的残余应力,其最大值接近材料的屈服强度;在焊缝区域,沿焊缝垂线方向,纵向残余应力均呈压应力-拉应力-压应力交替分布,规律明显,在焊缝中心处为最大拉残余应力;在不等厚对接焊区域,厚板一侧的残余应力大于薄板一侧;打磨和钻螺栓孔可以对残余应力起到释放作用;研究结论可为制定消除整体节点焊接残余应力的措施提供依据。     

反复荷载作用下部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算研究

部分预应力混凝土梁桥运营阶段实际长期挠度超过其设计值已成一个较为普遍的问题,对桥梁的使用性能和结构安全均造成严重隐患。通过对现有的部分预应力混凝土结构反复荷载作用下的长期挠度发展规律和计算公式进行分析比较,提出合理的计算模式和方法,并运用于一座实际桥梁,为部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算和控制提供参考。     

Robust Wardrop’s user equilibrium assignment under stochastic demand and supply: Expected residual minimization approach

Various models of traffic assignment under stochastic environment have been proposed recently, mainly by assuming different travelers’ behavior against uncertainties. This paper focuses on the expected residual minimization (ERM) model to provide a robust traffic assignment with an emphasis on the planner’s perspective. The model is further extended to obtain a stochastic prediction of the traffic volumes by the technique of path choice approach. We show theoretically the existence and the robustness of the ERM solution. In addition, we employ an improved solution algorithm for solving the ERM model. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the characteristics of the proposed model, by comparing with other existing models.     

逆变柜框架的振动时效处理工艺

介绍了振动时效工艺比传统自然时效和热时效工艺所具有的优点,阐述了振动时效实施过程及微观机理,通过工艺实践,证实了运用振动时效工艺消除逆变柜框架残余应力、保持结构尺寸稳定的可行性。     

考虑了自身损耗的舰艇编队防空作战效能研究

防空作战是舰艇编队抗击空中目标,保卫己方舰艇的重要手段;防空作战效能作为体现编队防空作战能力的重要指标,应以防空作战中舰艇的自身损耗为基础,以编队对空中目标的毁伤能力为主要方面来综合评判编队防空作战效能。文章从编队对来袭空中目标的毁伤能力、舰艇损伤程度、弹药消耗量及人员伤亡程度四个方面对编队防空作战效能进行研究;为客观、全面的研究编队防空作战效能提供了方法。     

舰船核动力装置非能动余热排出系统运行特性

用RELAP5/MOD3.2安全分析程序对某型舰船核动力装置非能动余热排出系统进行数学建模,并用实际装置的试验结果进行校核验证。重点分析了自然循环工况下蒸汽发生器U型管内冷却剂倒流特性对非能动余热排出系统运行特性的影响。结果表明:舰船核动力装置发生全部电源丧失事故时,蒸汽发生器二次侧非能动余热排出系统能正常投入运行,但蒸汽发生器U型管内冷却剂会发生倒流,降低了一回路主系统的自然循环能力。     

基于圆角滚压工艺的曲轴疲劳行为研究

利用有限元计算软件Abaqus,采用三维显式动力学计算,模拟曲轴圆角滚压过程。利用软件自带的二次开发程序,编写数据采集程序,得到了曲轴圆角表面和内部的应力分布情况。参照曲轴真实疲劳试验,对曲轴进行模拟弯曲疲劳试验,得到不同弯矩水平下曲轴圆角应力分布情况。将模拟弯曲疲劳试验得到的圆角工作应力与滚压后的圆角残余应力进行耦合计算,获得更为准确的曲轴疲劳强度,并依此对曲轴滚压参数进行优化,优化后的曲轴疲劳极限弯矩提高15.7%。