基于车头时距与行程时间的排队长度算法

基于电子警察过车数据,分析该周期内车道通行车辆的车头时距变化规律,提出该周期车道排队长度值的实时计算方法。针对多次排队、绿波协调情况,结合通行车辆的行程时间对结果进行修正,得到该周期车道最大车辆排队长度值。通过桐乡市庆丰路实时监控视频对比计算结果,证明本算法具有较高准确性。算法便于工程实践,可为信号配时优化提供数据支撑。     

考虑拖延行为的排队长度模型研究

HCM2000 Back of Queue模型(BQ模型)的计算值比实际调查值偏大,而且模型关于排队车辆的界定不能保证现场调查的客观性。提出了车辆拖延行为的定义,分析了拖延行为使BQ模型偏大的2种情况。建立了拖延行为模型,将车辆减速-停车等待-加速过程转化为温和减速-低匀速-温和加速的3阶段模型。通过低匀速行驶时间与停车时间之间的关系,可以得到车辆发生拖延行为的条件。建立了考虑拖延行为的排队长度与BQ模型之间的关系,并以首辆拖延车辆能否通过交叉口以及饱和度是否大于1为判别条件,提出了排队长度修正模型。通过实例验证了修正模型的可行性,而且修正模型可以保证现场调查的客观性和可操作性。     

A New Congestion Prevention Policy for the Router

Introduction When too many packets are present in therouter, the performance of the router will degradeand the network will have congestion. Congestioncan be cause by several factors. If all of the suddenstreams of packets begin arriving on three or fourinput lines and all packet need the router to dealwith, a queue will build up. Slow processors canalso cause congestion. If the router’s CPU is slowat performing the bookkeeping tasks required ofthem, queues can build up even though there is…     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

平均排队长度差最小的单交叉口在线Q学习模型

为改善交叉口排队长度管理,避免交叉口某个方向排队长度过长,采用强化学习理论建立了以平均排队长度差最小为优化目标的在线Q学习模型.针对控制性能指标相对于邻近的配时方案不敏感的特点,提出了以平均排队长度差作为基本单位重新构造奖励函数,目的是拉大各行为对应的Q值差距,提高模型的收敛速度和鲁棒性.集成Excel VBA,Vissim,Matlab建立了在线仿真平台,作为计算环境对算例进行了计算.算例中利用GPS数据对Vissim软件中车辆加减速度曲线进行了标定.计算结果表明以平均排队长度差作为优化目标能够提高各个方向排队长度的平衡性,优化整个交叉口的时空资源;建立的在线Q模型具有学习能力和较快的计算速度,模型能否收敛受到周期取值和可选行为数量的影响.     

The effect of green time on stochastic queues at traffic signals

Many analyses of traffic signal queues use Webster and Cobbe's formula, which combines the net effect of the red/green cycle with a term representing stochastic effects, idealised as an M/D/1 queue process having random arrivals and uniform service. Several authors have noted that this component should depend not only on demand intensity but also on throughput capacity in each green period, although an extra empirical term may partially allow for this. Extending the service interval in M/D/1 (M = Markovian, i.e. random, D = deterministic, i.e. uniform, 1 = one server) enables the effect to be reproduced, but no exact expressions for its moments are found. Approximate formulae for the extended mean exist but are accurate only near saturation. The paper derives novel approximations for the equilibrium mean and also variance and utilisation, using functions linking traffic intensity with green period capacity. With three moments, equilibrium probability distributions can be estimated for which a method based on a doubly nested geometric distribution is described.     

基于Vissim的城市公交专用道设置研究

分析公交车对交通流的影响因素,以兰州市某主干道为例,在社会其他车辆交通量不变,公交车比例不断增加的情况下,分别仿真在该条道路上设置公交专用道和不设置公交专用道2种情况,分析平均总延误、平均停车时间、平均停车次数、平均排队长等参数的变化。仿真结果表明：在其他社会车辆交通量不变的情况下,当公交车交通量达到300veh／h时,可以考虑设置公交专用道。     

Effects of queue spillover in networks considering simultaneous departure time and route choices

This paper explores the effects of queue spillover in transportation networks, in the context of dynamic traffic assignment. A model of spatial queue is defined to characterize dynamic traffic flow and queuing formation in network links. Network users simultaneously choose departure time and travel route to minimize the travel cost including journey time and unpunctuality penalty. Using some necessary conditions of the dynamic user equilibrium, dynamic network flows are obtained exactly on some networks with typical structure. Various effects of queue spillover are discussed based on the results of these networks, and some new paradoxes of link capacity expansion have been found as a result of such effects. Analytical and exact results in these typical networks show that ignoring queuing length may generate biased solutions, and the link storage capacity is a very important factor concerning the performance of networks.     

基于改进离散差分算法的航班延迟推出策略分析

针对大型枢纽机场日益严重的场面拥堵及由此导致航空公司延误成本增加和乘客等待时间增长等问题,基于ACDM的基本思想,在给定推出率下诠释了虚拟队列理论,设计了航班推出决策的协调流程,实现利用机位等待代替跑道起飞排队等待,不仅可以减少场面拥堵和航班延误,对提高航空公司经济效益也有重要意义.提出了乘客等待时间最短和推出等待成本最小2 种策略和航班延误成本的计算方法及相关约束指标.分别针对小、中、大不同规模航班量的5 组实际运行数据,采用基于指针运算机制的离散差分算法求解优化推出策略,并对该算法进行改进.实例表明,通过对虚拟队列航班次序的调整,乘客的平均延误时间缩短5.15%~12.66%,航空公司延误成本减少19.16%~26.0%.     

快速路出口辅路与地面交叉口协调控制策略研究

快速路出口及辅路通过的流量增大时,易造成出口下游交叉口的拥堵,同时拥堵会向上游蔓延造成快速路出口范围的拥堵。为缓解出口范围的拥堵,提出了一种新的协调控制策略。以辅路衔接路段排队为检测变量,协调计算出口下游交叉口的周期、绿信比和辅路的绿灯时长,并给出了各控制变量小步距连续调整的算法。仿真实验结果表明该协调控制策略是有效的,与固定配时策略相比出口匝道通过固定流量持续时间至少减少了10%。