公路工程项目风险管理的探索

公路工程项目是在复杂的自然和社会环境中开展的。是一个建设周期长、投资多、技术要求高、内部结构复杂、外部联系广泛的建设施工过程。公路工程项目作为集经济、技术、管理和组织为一体的综合性活动，在各个方面都存在着不确定性。因此迫切需要加强风险管理。     

公路隧道运营典型风险辨识

为加强对公路隧道运营风险的辨识、改善和优化公路隧道运营安全，降低重大隧道事故对人员伤亡、隧道结构、设备和经济收益的损失，通过隧道事故调研和大数据技术，收集近些年在全国范围内发生的802起公路隧道事故，对公路隧道自身特性和隧道事故的时间、空间、类型、诱因等特征进行分析。研究结果表明： 1)外界因素对隧道事故影响较大，在高温和车流量较大的环境下，事故发生较多； 2)特长隧道和长隧道的事故数远高于短隧道和中隧道； 3)小型车是隧道内发生事故的主要车型，事故原因多是驾驶员违规驾驶，事故类型多为追尾事故； 4)火灾事故的诱因多为车辆自身故障，其中危化品泄露多为易燃液体泄露。     

船舶危险品运输的风险分析

船舶危险品安全运输是船舶运输安全的重要方面。它既取决于船上危险品本身的安全，又取决于船舶的航行安全。风险分析就是在识别其本身和船舶航行两个方面存在的潜在危险即风险源的基础上，通过定性、半定量或定量的分析方法，分析这些危险可能导致的后果和这些后果发生的可能性，从而得到相应的风险水平。文中在介绍风险分析的步骤和方法的基础上，阐述了适用于船舶危险品运输的风险分析方法。     

山区脆弱环境下公路选线的危险度区划

山区公路灾害的频繁发生，严重威胁着线路行车和人民生命财产安全，并严重制约着山区经济可持续发展，因此，作好山区环境脆弱区段公路的选线工作尤为重要。本文以公路环境脆弱的迫隆藏布流域为例，在分析研究了影响山区公路灾害发生发育的因素的基础上，从防灾减灾及改善公路工程对生态环境影响的角度出发，采用GIS的信息处理和空间分析方法，实现了基于山区环境脆弱区段公路选线的危险度区划。     

HD469单级减速驱动中桥总成失效分析

汽车实际运行中零件失效的表现往往较复杂,给失效分析工作带来很大的困难。本文结合HD469单级减速驱动中桥的失效,通过对拆开的桥的各个零件,尤其是出现异常零件的观察,运用系统推理分析思想,发现安装在差壳周圈上12.9级六角头螺栓掉头断裂是导致整个469单级桥总成发生严重失效的根本原因。     

基于风险评价的装备维修经费预算研究

从目前部队实行"零基预算"的实际出发,针对装备维修策略不够合理、维修经费预算不够准确,普遍存在装备维修不足和维修过剩的问题,采用基于风险的维修策略对当前运行装备的失效风险进行评价,在此基础上进行装备维修决策,制定装备维修计划,并在汇总和优化装备维修计划的基础上,制定符合部队实际需要的装备维修经费预算.     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

合肥市轨道交通1号线信号系统工程进度计划分析及风险控制

2016年是合肥市轨道交通1号线工程关键的一年,根据工程总体部署,结合信号系统施工调试进度计划安排,对前置工程和当前工程进展情况及计划进行全面分析,对2016年信号系统工程进度计划和目标节点可能存在的风险进行评估,制定相应的管控策略,以确保总工期目标如期实现。     

油气管道悬索式跨越工程结构安全性检测与评价体系研究

悬索跨越形式是油气管道跨越工程中被广泛使用的结构,针对它的结构安全性检测及评价体系的研究具有重要意义,目前我国在本领域仍处于一个起步探索的阶段。从索力检测、外观检查、混凝土无损检测、钢结构无损检测、涂层劣化评价和线形观测6个方面归纳了悬索式跨越结构安全性的检测评价体系,并以9座悬索式跨越工程为例,在规范基础上提出了采用动态权重方法综合评价跨越工程的技术安全状况评级,使之更符合工程实际并为下一步养护维修提供依据,成果可供油气管道悬索式跨越工程结构安全性检测参考。