对隧道及地下工程建设风险管理的认识

分析工程建设风险管理的现状,指出着力执行工程建设风险管理是我国隧道及地下工程建设的迫切需要。阐明工程建设风险管理的概念,以隧道建设期岩溶地质风险的控制为例说明隧道及地下工程建设风险管理的主要时段及操作要点。剖析隧道及地下工程建设风险管理过程的重要特征及管理的突出难点。指出关键在于工程建设风险管理的有效性,并提出提高隧道及地下工程建设风险管理有效性措施:一是必须实施动态化管理,二是正确坚持专家评审制度,三是走专业化的道路。     

WBS-RBS法在城市轨道工程风险辨识中的应用

根据城市轨道工程风险的特殊属性,引入WBS—RBS法进行风险辨识。并且通过天津滨海城市轨道工程风险辨识的案例,说明运用WBS—RBS法进行城市轨道工程风险辨识的基本过程。     

Choosing Public Transport—Incorporating Richer Behavioural Elements in Modal Choice Models

The development of behaviourally richer representations of the role of well-established and increasingly important influences on modal choice, such as trip time reliability and accounting for risk attitude and process rules, has moved forward at a fast pace in the context of automobile travel. In the public transport setting, such contributions have, with rare exception, not been considered. In this paper, we discuss and empirically illustrate the merits of advanced modelling developments aimed at improving our understanding of public transport choice, namely the inclusion of reliability in extended expected utility theoretic forms, to recognize risk attitude and perceptual conditioning, the consideration of passenger crowding and its inclusion in linear additive models, and the role of multiple heuristics in representing attribute processing as a way of conditioning modal choice. We illustrate the mechanics of introducing these behaviourally appealing extensions using a modal choice data set collected in Sydney.     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incorporating e-Technology to Advantage in a Greener Taxi Industry and its Impact on Driving Performance and Safety

Abstract

New technologies, especially advances in telecommunications, have had profound impacts on everyday life and brought even greater changes to some business models. Taxis represent one of the major modes of transportation in urban areas but they face a number of problems, including their environmental impacts. The status of the taxi industry in Taiwan is revealed and analyzed in this study. A new business model for the extensive and popular use of smart phones is proposed. However, it is important to know whether their use is both effective and safe. Two field experiments were executed to examine the effects on taxi drivers of using a navigation system installed in a GPS PDA phone. The results revealed that the efficiency of drivers using such a portable navigation system was better than those relying on paper maps in unfamiliar urban areas. Furthermore, performance in terms of safety was also better than those who used an on-board navigation system. In summary, incorporating e-technology can promote a taxi company's competitiveness and a driver's performance and safety as well as offer environmental benefits.     

水压爆破技术在隧道掘进施工中的应用

水压爆破是一种节能环保新型爆破技术,在提高工效、缓解工期压力、节省成本和保护环境等方面有比较显著的效果.通过介绍水压爆破的基本原理和工艺,结合在沪昆客专贵州段5标茅坪山隧道掘进施工中的实际应用,检验了水压爆破的优越性,对水压爆破在隧道施工中的应用进行了全面的总结分析,为水压爆破的推广使用提供了借鉴.     

基于运行速度的高速公路隧道出入口安全设计

针对高速公路隧道事故多发的现状,调查了高速公路隧道路段运行速度,分析了隧道出入口车速变化规律,采用线形过渡技术指标、抗滑过渡技术指标和照明过渡技术指标对隧道出入口过渡性进行分析评价,提出基于运行速度的高速公路隧道出入口安全设计方法,可为高速公路隧道群出入口设计及安全管理提供参考.     

基于层次分析法和D-S证据理论的码头风险评估

在码头风险评估过程中,目前常用的方法对风险事件发生的概率和影响上有一些主观的定性分析,带有结论上的模糊性.运用一种层次分析法和证据理论结合的方法可以提高评估的准确性和可靠度,该方法通过层次分析法确定各评估因素的权重,在此过程中用D-S证据理论对专家评分数据进行融合修正,运用D-S证据理论的合成法则确定码头的风险值.将该...     

Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course

In this paper the long-term impact of an eco-driving training course is evaluated by monitoring driving behavior and fuel consumption for several months before and after the course. Cars were equipped with an on-board logging device that records the position and speed of the vehicle using GPS tracking as well as real time as electronic engine data extracted from the controller area network. The data includes mileage, number of revolutions per minute, position of the accelerator pedal, and instantaneous fuel consumption. It was gathered over a period of 10 months for 10 drivers during real-life conditions thus enabling an individual drive style analysis. The average fuel consumption four months after the course fell by 5.8%. Most drivers showed an immediate improvement in fuel consumption that was stable over time, but some tended to fall back into their original driving habits.     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.