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1.
Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed. 相似文献
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编组站驼峰车辆溜放速度控制系统的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以计算机和红外线传感器为主,研制了编组站驼峰车组溜放速度控制系统,系统通过检测车辆溜放的速度,计算出所需制动力的大小,通过缓器对车辆溜放进行速度控制,并具有对解体车辆自动计数,各种故障报警等功能。 相似文献
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This paper reviews two road-user surveys on the use of mobile phones on the road in Finland where the mobile phone ownership rate is highest in the world (70% in August 2000). From 1998 to 1999 the proportion of drivers that chose to use a mobile phone while driving rose from 56% to 68%, while the proportion of phone using drivers who experienced dangerous situations due to phone use rose from 44% to 50%. The proportion of drivers who used their phones in some way to benefit safety on the road remained at about 55%. The youngest, novice drivers had the highest level of phone usage of all age categories. Over 48% of the interviewees believed that the government should ban the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving, and another 27% believed that all types of mobile phone use should be banned while driving. Those drivers who used their phones the most each day were more likely to want some form of restrictions, than those who had lower usage. This is a strong message to the elected lawmakers and raises the problem of exactly how regulatory bodies would go about controlling the future growth of new driver support and non-driving related communication devices in road vehicles. It was concluded that legislating for hands-free use only would be a reasonable course of action. Mandating that the current generation of equipment should be optimized for hands-free use should result in future generations of in-vehicle equipment also being optimized for hands-free use as a minimum criterion. 相似文献
6.
Hilary Nixon Jean-Daniel Saphores 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2007,12(8):564-576
This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up. 相似文献
7.
对中国未来10年道路交通安全状况分析与初步预测 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
笔者从中国现代道路交通系统的发展现状与道路交通安全状况出发,以过去10多年中国汽车、摩托车保有量的发展轨迹为基础,对中国未来一定时期(2004~2015年)机动车保有量的发展变化及政府采取不同管理对策条件下的道路交通安全状况的发展水平进行了预测。结果表明:政府管理对策对道路交通安全状况变化具有决定性影响。 相似文献
8.
以山西为例分析了计重收费对重型车的影响,通过适当经济手段消除车辆超限超载运输,既保护了公路桥梁,又保障了交通安全,进而促进交通事业的健康发展。 相似文献
9.
An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided. 相似文献
10.
考虑到跨座式单轨车辆通过曲线时主要靠导向轮来导向,导向轮径向力大小是评价单轨车辆曲线通过性能的一个重要指标。运用多体动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS建立单轨车辆仿真模型。在轨道半径和超高都不变的情况下,车辆以恒定的速度运行,通过改变走行轮垂向刚度的大小来分析导向轮所受径向力情况以及对车辆曲线通过性能的影响。单轨车辆仿真分析研究表明,走行轮垂向刚度的大小对车辆的曲线通过性能有很大影响。 相似文献