A model-based traction control strategy non-reliant on wheel slip information

A traction control system (TCS) for two-wheel-drive vehicles can conveniently be realised by means of slip control. Such a TCS is modified in this paper in order to be applicable to four-wheel-drive vehicles and anti-lock braking systems, where slip information is not readily available. A reference vehicle model is used to estimate the vehicle velocity. The reference model is excited by a saw-tooth signal in order to adapt the slip for maximum tyre traction performance. The model-based TCS is made robust to vehicle modelling errors by extending it with (i) a superimposed loop of tyre static curve gradient control or (ii) a robust switching controller based on a bi-directional saw-tooth excitation signal. The proposed traction control strategies are verified by experiments and computer simulations.     

低动力作用货车转向架动力性能的研究

本文探讨低动力作用货车转向架的原理及其动力性能的计算和评估方法。首先定义9项指标,作为衡量车辆对轨道动力作用的标准。然后研究这些指标的诸因素。在此基础上总结出实现低动力作用的基本途径。本文还应用这些研究成果,提出4种低动力作用货车转向架的设计方案,并通过数值计算,同国内、外主型货车转向架对比,从而论证其在我国铁路采用的可行性。     

桥梁维修加固计算机系统框架研究

基于开发的桥梁维修加固计算机系统应用规范和荷载试验评定标准,通过采集的数据建立评价数据模型和决策数据模型,可对桥梁的损伤状况和承载能力作出评价,并通过专家咨询法给出损伤原因和决策措施,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

LED道路交通信号灯测试平台研究

通过研究LED道路交通信号灯测试平台的结构和功能,分析用户层测试模块、系统层测试模块、基础层测试模块和传输层测试模块的结构和内容,探讨LED道路交通信号灯的安装测试、功能特性测试、兼容性测试、电气安全性测试、信号传输测试、环境适应性测试、可靠性测试等方面的测试项目、测试内容和测试方法,旨在建立一套科学的、完整的、适用的测试系统,为LED道路交通信号灯以及相关控制设备的检测项目、检测方法、检测设备提供技术支持。     

Airport privatization in congested hub–spoke networks

This paper investigates the airport privatization issue. One congested hub and two linked local airports serve symmetric hub carriers. Passengers valuate the congestion delay cost and benefit from greater frequencies. The government considers privatizing either the hub or local airports. We find that in each privatizing scenario, welfare-maximizing public airport(s) set a charge below their operating costs in order to fully coordinate the high charge of privatized airport(s). If this fiscal deficit is not allowed, each scenario causes distortion. Interestingly, the distortion—and hence welfare losses—in privatizing a hub are smaller (larger) than those in privatizing both local airports when both passengers’ valuations are small (large); this is exactly the case when privatized local airports are strategic substitutes (complements). We also surprisingly find that retaining the hub airport as public and privatizing one or both local airports achieves the same market outcomes. We further find that if all airports are privatized, welfare becomes worse than the other scenarios; the hub airport charges lower (higher) prices than local airports when both local airports are strategic substitutes (complements).     

Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis.     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

通信网络运维保障转变研究

通过多个方面对通信企业通信网络运维保障发展转变进行研究,对通信网络运维保障转变进行分析和总结,并从中寻找未来通信网络运维保障的发展趋势。     

基于RFID技术的混凝土搅拌站车辆管理系统

混凝土搅拌站运输车大流量运输作业过程中,传统的人工管理计数、统计、调度、监控等环节的工作十分繁琐,且效率低下。针对人工管理模式的缺陷进行信息化管理模式的改进,将RFID(无线射频识别)技术与计算机软件技术相结合,对进出搅拌站的运输车辆实行无人值守的管理,克服了传统方法的弊端。设备安全耐用,使用方便,系统灵敏可靠,提高了工作效率和经济效益,具有很强的实用性。     

基于BP神经网络的隧道围岩分类

应用BP神经网络建立了隧道围岩分类模型,对其影响因素进行分析,并对模型进行优化,将训练好的分类模型运用到贵安隧道,为隧道围岩分类提供了一种简便可行的方法。