公路运输对经济发展的影响分析

结合公路运输的基本特性,以及公路设施对人们生活出行的重要性,详细阐述公路运输对经济发展的影响。公路运输系统的发展,不仅会大大促进国民经济的发展,而且对人民生活水平的提高和社会的全面进步,都有着巨大的推动作用和重要的现实意义。     

Dynamic demand estimation and microscopic traffic simulation of a university campus transportation network

Abstract

This article documents the authors' experience with the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a university transportation system, using the TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System (TRANSIMS). The processes of data preparation and network coding are described, followed by the algorithm developed to estimate the dynamic 24-hour demand, which includes a procedure for estimating the ‘desirability’ of the different parking lots from readily available data. The dynamic demand estimation algorithm is validated by comparing estimated and observed parking lot occupancies, where it is shown that the algorithm is capable of replicating observed results. Finally, an example is included to demonstrate how the developed model can be used in campus transportation planning. Besides serving as a first case study for using TRANSIMS to model a university campus, the study's contributions include the development of a procedure for parking lot desirability ranking and a practical procedure for estimating dynamic demand on university campuses.     

Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions,social welfare and transport policy

Climate change is one of the most critical environmental challenges faced in the world today. The transportation sector alone contributes to 22% of carbon emissions, of which 80% are contributed by road transportation. In this paper we investigate the potential private car greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and social welfare gains resulting from upgrading the bus service in the Greater Beirut Area. To this end, a stated preference (SP) survey on mode switching from private car to bus was conducted in this area and analyzed by means of a mixed logit model. We then used the model outputs to simulate aggregate switching behavior in the study area and the attendant welfare and environmental gains and private car GHG emissions reductions under various alternative scenarios of bus service upgrade. We recommend a bundle of realistic bus service improvements in the short term that will result in a reasonable shift to buses and measurable reduction in private car emissions. We argue that such improvements will need to be comprehensive in scope and include both improvements in bus level of service attributes (access/egress time, headway, in-vehicle travel time, and number of transfers) and the provision of amenities, including air-conditioning and Wi-Fi. Moreover, such a service needs to be cheaply priced to achieve reasonably high levels of switching behavior. With a comprehensively overhauled bus service, one would expect that bus ridership would increase for commuting purposes at first, and once the habit for it is formed, for travel purposes other than commuting, hence dramatically broadening the scope of private car GHG emissions reduction. This said, this study demonstrates the limits of focused sectorial policies in targeting and reducing private car GHG emissions, and highlights the need for combining behavioral interventions with other measures, most notably technological innovations, in order for the contribution of this sector to GHG emissions mitigation to be sizable.     

Analyzing the theoretical capacity of railway networks with a radial-backbone topology

In this work we propose a mechanism to optimize the capacity of the main corridor within a railway network with a radial-backbone or X-tree structure. The radial-backbone (or X-tree) structure is composed of two types of lines: the primary lines that travel exclusively on the common backbone (main corridor) and radial lines which, starting from the common backbone, branch out to individual locations. We define possible line configurations as binary strings and propose operators on them for their analysis, yielding an effective algorithm for generating an optimal design and train frequencies. We test our algorithm on real data for the high speed line Madrid–Seville. A frequency plan consistent with the optimal capacity is then proposed in order to eliminate the number of transfers between lines as well as to minimize the network fleet size, determining the minimum number of vehicles needed to serve all travel demand at maximum occupancy.     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

内外温差对明挖隧道主体结构内力的影响研究

明挖隧道内外温差会使其衬砌结构产生附加应力,严重时会使隧道轴线方向的衬砌产生环向裂缝。通过对温度进行现场监测,获得工程实际内外温差,对其规律进行简要分析并将其作为有限元计算的温度边界条件;采用ANSYS进行有限元计算,考虑明挖隧道主体结构修建完成和回填完成两个阶段,对隧道内部温度低于外部温度、隧道内部温度高于外部温度以及无温差3种工况进行分析,得出温差对隧道结构应力的影响规律。     

道路桥梁检测数据结合BIM技术的应用研究

随着市政道路桥梁检测要求的不断提高,检测数据分析和应用深度也随之提高,如何让检测数据更加有效、更加生动的反应道路桥梁的技术状况,成为了越来越多使用单位的基本诉求.针对这一现象,论文介绍了道路桥梁检测数据与BIM技术结合的基本路径,分析阐述了道路桥梁检测数据的主要内容及应用方面的不足,重点研究了如何以BIM信息模型作为检测数据载体的实施方法,归纳了哪些检测数据更加迫切的需要导入到BIM模型中,并通过分析各方单位的不同需求,对使用BIM模型中检测数据的应用场景提出了实施方案,为BIM信息模型的建设和应用提供了新的思路.     

道路沥青材料VOCs的指纹组分及其定量分析

深入开展沥青材料环境影响规律研究，是加快推进交通运输污染防治和绿色交通发展的重要手段之一。针对热拌沥青材料在使用过程中挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）释放量小、组分复杂且材料来源和环境因素依赖性强等难以定量表征的科学问题，开展包括不同沥青材料间VOCs公共组分、特有组分和超微量组分的VOCs全组分的特征研究。综合共计80种沥青材料的VOCs组分特征，提出并定义沥青材料VOCs的指纹组分。基于指纹组分的释放量-色谱峰面积的绘制，分别构建沥青材料VOCs中单一组分释放量和VOCs释放总量的计算方程。研究结果表明：不同沥青材料的VOCs释放差异显著，其组分信息和对应释放量均存在很强的原材料来源依赖性；沥青VOCs的指纹组分具有色谱峰面积大、组分纯、毒性强等特点，包括2-甲基戊烷、正己烷、3-甲基己烷、庚烷、2-甲基庚烷、丙酮、甲基丙烯醛、正丁醛、异戊醛、苯、甲苯和二硫化碳这12种物质；该系列指纹组分能够用于沥青材料VOCs的单一组分释放量和总释放量的快速准确分析；70A沥青、70B沥青、90A沥青、90B沥青和SBS改性沥青在160℃加热条件下的VOCs释放总量分别为4.42，3.32，2.52，2.29，1.88 μg·g^-1，其中指纹组分的总释放量分别为3.00，2.33，2.01，1.75，1.44 μg·g^-1；70号沥青中释放量最多的物质包括正己烷、2-甲基戊烷和庚烷，其释放量均大于0.40 μg·g^-1；90号沥青和SBS改性沥青中，释放最多的物质为正丁醛，其中90A沥青中正丁醛的释放量高达0.76 μg·g^-1。     

基于“聚焦物流”理论的军事运输发展研究

＂聚焦物流＂是美军提出的一种先进物流理念,它要求在准确的地点、时间提供给联合作战各种参战人员和各类装备数量合适的后勤物资供应,它建立在以网络为基础的实时可视化信息系统之上,高效快速地连接战场指挥官和后勤供应机构,通过物流机构和程序的改革,为联合作战提供多功能的后勤保障。＂聚焦物流＂在历次局部战争中得到很好应用,取得良好...     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.