部队铁路输送路线优选模型

紧贴部队实际,结合现代铁路运输条件,分析部队铁路输送的有关要求,在此基础上建立部队铁路输送路线优选模型,从而实现部队铁路输送路线的优选,为拟制铁路输送计划提供决策依据。     

水泥砼路面脱空检测与灌浆治理

随着交通事业的发展,公路路面的病害也逐渐暴露出来。主要针对混凝土路面下出现的板底脱空,提出了采用车载弯沉仪与探地雷达相结合的方法,探测板底脱空部位及板底路基病害,并对混凝土路面板底脱空灌浆处理后的效果进行评价。     

Tradable emission permit system for urban motorists: The neo-classical standard model revisited

This article deals with the feasibility of a tradable emission permit system (TEPs) for urban motorists. The objective is to develop a new microeconomic theoretical model to reduce urban pollution. We suppose that the city's regulating authority sets up a tradable emission permit system based on the number of kilometres covered by private cars. By the use of a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function, we determine the equilibrium under an environmental constraint and analyse the effects of a TEPs on social welfare. The aim is to find the optimal quantity of permits leading to the desired environmental objective. The analytical and numerical results of the model show the instrument's feasibility and efficiency. An important variable in the model must be taken into account: the knowledge of environmental damage. This variable will clearly influence the tool's success.     

城市地铁线与常规公交线路接驳问题初探

通过分析常规地面公交起讫点与轨道交通吸引半径的关系,结合青岛地铁1号线黄岛段的具体情况,研究城市地铁线与常规公交线路接驳问题.对已有常规地面公交线网和新增接驳公交线网进行调整和优化,初步实现了城市轨道交通与常规公交接驳的两方面功能:一方面多模式分层次的公共交通结构满足不同的出行需求,增强公共交通的吸引力,提高公共交通在出行方式中的分担比例;另一方面,常规公交为城市轨道交通集散客流,降低两者之间不合理的竞争,达到公共交通系统内部双赢,为乘客提供高效、便捷的出行服务.     

综合运输体系下的客运流量分离模型及算法研究

分析在多种运输方式存在情况下乘客的交通选择行为,并基于随机用户平衡理论和混沌理论构造了综合运输条件下的交通方式分离模型及求解算法。最后以北京到天津的客运市场为例,分析了各种社会因素变化时,不同交通方式的客流变化情况。     

Assessment of policies and detection of unintended effects: Guiding principles for the consideration of methods and tools in policy-packaging

Single policies or entire policy packages are often assessed using different methods aiming at a quantification of effects as well as the detection of undesired outcomes. The knowledge of potential impacts is essential to take informed policy actions. Hence, there is a constant need for efficient assessment approaches to support policy decision-making. A broad range of such assessment methods is used in policymaking. Some of them are using quantitative data; others are characterized by qualitative information, observations or opinions. Practical experiences with transport policy prove that these methods all have their pros and cons, but none of them are able to detect the full range of effects. This leads to important questions this article deals with, such as what are the strengths and limitations of the different tools and methods for assessing impacts, and how should different approaches be integrated into the policymaking processes?We analyze the ability of assessment methods to detect different kinds of intended and unintended effects, and introduce the concepts of structurally open (mainly qualitative) and structurally closed (mainly quantitative) methods. It is argued that these concepts support making the pros and cons of the tools and methods more explicit and, thus, allow integrating the different tools and methods into the process of policy packaging. Based on a policy package example, we provide practical recommendations on how to integrate different assessment methods adequately and show that both quantitative and qualitative tools should be used in different phases of the process. The main recommendation is to alternate the application of assessment methods with structurally open methods used in the beginning and the end of the policymaking process and applying structurally closed methods in between.     

城市高架桥无支架施工研究分析

近年来,随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市人口呈现日益增多的趋势,机动车保有量显著提升,城市交通日益拥堵.高架快速路由于具备占地小,立体化交通功能强大等优点而被广泛采用.而城市高架桥施工对现状交通必然存在一定程度的影响,因此开展高架桥结构无支架施工设计的研究,旨在探究出不同结构形式及施工方案在高架桥建设中的适用特点,可为今...     

城市道路与干线公路平交口差异化协调设计

普通干线公路和城市道路由于技术标准体系和管理模式的不同,决定了各自在功能定位、构造和设计方法上均有较大差异.针对现状干线公路与城市道路平面交叉口存在的问题和原因,分析干线公路和城市道路平交口衔接要素的差异性,并从城市道路与干线公路平面交叉口差异化协调设计方面提出合理可行的设计方法,以期能够为类似工程实践提供设计参考.     

基于航空器自主运行的空中交通复杂性建模

针对航空器自主运行模式的空中交通运行态势评估问题，本文重构了基于分布式空中交通管理系统的空中交通复杂性评价方法，并仿真验证了该方法在航空器冲突探测和自主航迹规划中的应用。首先，基于自由航路空域和航空器自主运行模式定义了空中交通复杂性，在通过三维空域栅格模型量化航空器时空位置的基础上，构建复杂度计算模型以反映航空器位置、航向、 航速对空域各栅格的实时复杂性影响；其次，基于实际管制扇区(ZSSSAR01)及高度层，分别模拟自由航路与固定航路运行模式，对比两者空中交通复杂度时空分布差异；并结合自由航路运行模式，在空中交通复杂性与航空器冲突指标(冲突率、冲突比例)相关性分析的基础上，研究空域复杂度阈值确定方法；最后，初步探究基于空域复杂度阈值进行航空器自主航迹调整的方法，评估其运行效果。仿真实验结果表明：自由航路运行模式相对固定航路运行模式可显著降低空域最大复杂度值(平均降幅119%)；模型计算得到，空中交通复杂度与空域中航空器冲突指标有强相关性 (相关系数大于0.90)；基于复杂度和复杂度阈值的航迹调整策略具备一定可行性。     

一般工业固废在公路行业应用及政策与标准现状

在我国工业化高速发展的今天,一般工业固体废弃物的资源化利用备受瞩目,其中,一般工业固废在公路行业的应用是一个具有显著效益的途径。本文分析了目前工业固废在国内外公路行业的应用现状、我国相关政策的制订情况以及现行的相关标准,提出了该领域下目前存在的不足和相应的决策建议,为一般工业固废在公路行业应用的发展和标准化体系构建提供参考。