土体中应力分布基本规律的探讨

基于土体的颗粒结构和只有颗粒接触传递应力的特性，对不同姿态颗粒接触中应力传递的机理分析，揭示了土体在相对静态下存在主动力的应力扩散效应和强被动力的应力集中效应，及其形成的土体中应力分布基本规律。主动力的应力场是以其所在土层的应力扩散角θ向外扩散的园锥形应力范围，在应力场内应力扩散分布，主应力方向不变，且伴有与之垂直的法向应力，应力分布均衡了应力场内颗粒和支承面的位移趋势。强被动力的支承面上存在以θ角向外扩散倒锥台形的应力平衡范围，在此范围内反向应力集中作用到强支承面，强支承面主导了其所在应力场的应力分布。土拱效应是应力集中效应的衍生效应，是相邻的同向强支承反力的应力平衡范围发生重迭时产生的现象。     

合武铁路中空式路肩挡土墙设计探讨

研究目的:随着城际铁路、高速客运专线的建设,既有枢纽引入客运专线工程对城市用地及居民的生活影响较大,不仅拆迁费用成倍增加,而且拆迁难度大、时间长,严重影响工程建设.合(肥)武(汉)铁路引入武汉枢纽地段并行增建工程中,增建一侧为高层建筑群,扩建征地困难.为此,设计采用C35钢筋混凝土框架直立中空式刚性路肩挡土墙.研究结论:该结构集挡土墙、涵洞、桥梁结构设计于一身,刚性框架结构与人行道悬臂板组成的墙顶面满足了站后专业附属设施的布设,既体现了路基设计工程措施的创新、合理性,又确保了既有线行车和既有建筑物安全.经运营后充分体现该结构占地小,基础底面较宽,自身稳定性强,水平抗力大,抗滑、抗倾效果好,更起到路基边坡支挡与收坡的双重作用,在今后同类型铁路路基工程的设计与施工中具有重要的借鉴、参考作用.     

The train platforming problem: The infrastructure management company perspective

If railway companies ask for station capacity numbers, their underlying question is in fact one about the platformability of extra trains. Train platformability depends not only on the infrastructure, buffer times, and the desired departure and arrival times of the trains, but also on route durations, which depend on train speeds and lengths, as well as on conflicts between routes at any given time. We consider all these factors in this paper. We assume a current train set and a future one, where the second is based on the expected traffic increase through the station considered. The platforming problem is about assigning a platform to each train, together with suitable in- and out-routes. Route choices lead to different route durations and imply different in-route-begin and out-route-end times. Our module platforms the maximum possible weighted sum of trains in the current and future train set. The resulting number of trains can be seen as the realistic capacity consumption of the schedule. Our goal function allows for current trains to be preferably allocated to their current platforms.Our module is able to deal with real stations and train sets in a few seconds and has been fully integrated by Infrabel, the Belgian Infrastructure Management Company, in their application called Ocapi, which is now used to platform existing and projected train sets and to determine the capacity consumption.     

Roads in transition: Integrated modeling of a manufacturer-traveler-infrastructure system in a mixed autonomous/human driving environment

This paper develops an integrated model to characterize the market penetration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in urban transportation networks. The model explicitly accounts for the interplay among the AV manufacturer, travelers with heterogeneous values of travel time (VOTT), and road infrastructure capacity. By making in-vehicle time use more leisurely or productive, AVs reduce travelers’ VOTT. In addition, AVs can move closer together than human-driven vehicles because of shorter safe reaction time, which leads to increased road capacity. On the other hand, the use of AV technologies means added manufacturing cost and higher price. Thus, traveler adoption of AVs will trade VOTT savings with additional out-of-pocket cost. The model is structured as a leader (AV manufacturer)-follower (traveler) game. Given the cost of producing AVs, the AV manufacturer sets AV price to maximize profit while anticipating AV market penetration. Given an AV price, the vehicle and routing choice of heterogeneous travelers are modeled by combining a multinomial logit model with multi-modal multi-class user equilibrium (UE). The overall problem is formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC), which is challenging to solve. We propose a solution approach based on piecewise linearization of the MPCC as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and solving the MILP to global optimality. Non-uniform distribution of breakpoints that delimit piecewise intervals and feasibility-based domain reduction are further employed to reduce the approximation error brought by linearization. The model is implemented in a simplified Singapore network with extensive sensitivity analyses and the Sioux Falls network. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the solution approach and yield valuable insights about transportation system performance in a mixed autonomous/human driving environment.     

水平荷载作用下钢管支架的弹塑性极限承载力分析

通过考虑桩土相互作用以及材料和几何非线形，对钢管支架在水平荷栽作用下的极限承载力及其影响因素进行了分析，从而对钢管支架的安全度作出合理的评价。     

预应力混凝土梁式桥支座病害与防治

支座作为桥梁结构的重要构件,发挥着承重、抗震、抗击水平荷载、辅助梁体正常工作等的重要作用,其质量和性能直接影响桥梁的使用寿命.普通橡胶支座良好的耐久性、安装简易性、与稳定性能,以及"低廉"的价格,使之成为桥梁支座的首选构件.普通板式支座在预应力混凝土梁式桥(简支、连续、刚构)用得较多,支座病害也较多.由于人们对此病害的认识的深度不足,导致了很多梁式桥支座在投入运营前就处于带病状态,桥梁过早进入维修周期.现通过多年对梁式桥出现的支座病害情况的调研,总结分析了支座病害的成因、病害对桥梁整体寿命的影响;对工程常用的、数量较多的普通板式支座五种病害类型的危害特点进行论述;提出了有针对性防治措施;同时针对现浇梁式桥危害最大的支座剪裂病害提出两种解决方法,通过在兴延高速公路六环路立交的成功应用,为解决支座剪裂病害提供了借鉴.     

倾斜 PHC 管桩的处理方法及剩余承载力研究

已完成施打的PHC管桩,由于疏于保护等因素,使桩承受了非能预见的水平荷载,桩身通常会出现一定程度的倾斜,它会使PHC管桩桩身产生裂缝、断裂、弯曲或倾斜,使PHC管桩承载力降低或者失效,对工程质量及安全产生重大的影响.通过某工程的PHC管桩受基坑滑坡影响造成倾斜处理实例,从现有理论分析成果出发,结合工程实际处理的对策,得出对于工程实际中具有指导意义的结论,为类似工程缺陷桩的处理提供一个有效的方案.     

耐久性路面的结构设计

介绍耐久性路面的结构设计原则,并在此基础上提出柔+刚+柔的典型路面结构形式,论述提高沥青混凝土路面强度的措施及质量控制方法。     

深水中承台悬吊钢套箱施工

南丫大桥横跨东莞水道南丫涌，6#-10#墩处在深水中，如何高效、安全地进行承台施工，是本工程的难点之一。介绍一种既简便又经济的施工技术，在深水中悬吊钢套箱，成功解决了该技术难题。     

高黎贡山隧道1号竖井设计及分析

为了满足高黎贡山隧道竖井施工任务要求，综合隧道所处环境及竖井能力需求，按照竖井井口、井筒、井下3方面统筹考虑的总体设计思路，提出高黎贡山隧道1号竖井设计关键问题的解决方案： 1）根据井口地形、地貌条件及提升设备、井口车场布置要求，合理布置井口场坪； 2）根据竖井功能定位，竖井宜采用主副井模式； 3）根据井下施工的出渣量、材料数量、人员进出量等综合考虑竖井断面尺寸； 4）当地质条件、水文地质条件允许时，竖井宜采用短段掘砌混合作业法施工，设置模筑混凝土井壁； 5）竖井提升设备宜按井下施工期间的要求考虑，建井期间各设备之间能力应匹配； 6）竖井施工能力应满足井下施工期间出渣、进料要求，并留有富余； 7）井底车场应结合运输方式及进料、出渣等功能要求确定； 8）竖井安全保障应首要解决地下水问题。目前高黎贡山隧道1号竖井主井已完成建井，结果表明铁路隧道竖井按照以上设计方法及思路是可行的。