桩土作用下缺陷大管桩单桩极限承载力理论计算

码头大管桩出现的不同类型缺陷,如混凝土脱落和钢筋锈蚀,会造成码头承载能力下降。基于完整桩-土体系的荷载传递理论,推导获得缺陷桩剩余极限承载力的计算公式。依托工程实践,考察混凝土剥落和钢筋锈蚀这两种缺陷类型对单桩极限承载力的影响,并得出相应结论：混凝土剥落位置对单桩竖向极限承载力和单桩抗拔极限承载力有影响,混凝土剥落位置位于土层内部会减小单桩竖向极限承载力和单桩抗拔极限承载力,单桩竖向极限承载力减小0.07%,单桩抗拔极限承载力减小1.72%;但对桩身竖向承载力却不同,混凝土缺损对桩身轴心受压承载力减小25.65%,钢筋损失对桩身竖向承载力减小20.95%。混凝土缺损比钢筋缺损对桩身各项承载力的影响要大得多。     

钢管活性粉末混凝土轴压短柱受力性能试验研究

进行22根钢管活性粉末混凝土(钢管RPC)轴压短柱试验,分析其荷载-变形曲线、破坏特征和影响极限承载力的主要因素。试验研究表明:钢管RPC轴压短柱的荷载-纵向应变曲线弹性阶段约为极限荷载的90％~95％;套箍系数ξ较小时,在达到极限荷载后承载力急剧下降;ξ较大时,在达到极限荷载后承载力下降平缓并呈回升趋势。ξ较小的试件多呈剪切破坏形态;ξ较大的试件所有断面上均被墩粗,试件的上、下两端明显局部鼓曲。构件承载力随RPC强度fc的提高而提高,两者基本成线性关系;套箍系数ξ越大,构件承载力也越大,但钢管对RPC的约束效果比对普通混凝土的差。提出的钢管RPC轴压短柱极限承载力的实用计算公式计算出的结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Measuring community reaction to urban transportation impacts using Von Neumann‐Morgenstern utility theory

This paper attempts to measure the impacts of urban transportation system improvements or changes on the community. The community's perceptions of the impacts are represented by its utilities (or disutilities) over various ranges of values of the multiple attributes representing these impacts. The utility technique used in the evaluation is based upon von Neumann‐Morgenstern (vN‐M, 1947) Utility Theory, and is applied using Raiffa's (1970) Fractile Method.

The paper specifically applies the technique to model the perceptions of five subgroups within a community to the impact of a new light rail transit system that is being incorporated in the transportation system of the City of Calgary.

Results of the modeling indicate explicitly how the community changes its perception over ranges of values of the attributes evaluated. Biases of various subgroups within the community over these attributes are also shown. Statistical tests indicate that aggregated utility perceptions can represent the utility perceptions of the individual subgroups quite reasonably.     

Trade-offs between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints: A case study of an integrated multi-objective model

This paper investigates the performance of a policy decision tool proposed for multi-objective decision under different policy interventions. This tool deals with the trade-off between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints. Two system objectives, maximization of mobility and equity, are formulated in terms of the sum of total car ownership and number of trips, and the differences in accessibility between zones. Environmental capacities are based on production efficiency theory in which the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency is taken as environmental capacity. To examine the performance of the proposed model, three types of hypothetical policies (network improvement, population increase and urban sprawl) are formulated. Effects are simulated using data pertaining to Dalian City, China. Results show that the proposed model is capable of representing the trade-offs between mobility and equity based on different policy interventions. Compared with two extreme cases with the single objective of mobility maximization or equity maximization, the Pareto-optimal solutions provide more interesting practical options for decision makers. Taking the solution based on the maximum equity as an example, the policy of urban sprawl yields the most significant improvement in both emission and accessibility of the three scenarios.     

The train platforming problem: The infrastructure management company perspective

If railway companies ask for station capacity numbers, their underlying question is in fact one about the platformability of extra trains. Train platformability depends not only on the infrastructure, buffer times, and the desired departure and arrival times of the trains, but also on route durations, which depend on train speeds and lengths, as well as on conflicts between routes at any given time. We consider all these factors in this paper. We assume a current train set and a future one, where the second is based on the expected traffic increase through the station considered. The platforming problem is about assigning a platform to each train, together with suitable in- and out-routes. Route choices lead to different route durations and imply different in-route-begin and out-route-end times. Our module platforms the maximum possible weighted sum of trains in the current and future train set. The resulting number of trains can be seen as the realistic capacity consumption of the schedule. Our goal function allows for current trains to be preferably allocated to their current platforms.Our module is able to deal with real stations and train sets in a few seconds and has been fully integrated by Infrabel, the Belgian Infrastructure Management Company, in their application called Ocapi, which is now used to platform existing and projected train sets and to determine the capacity consumption.     

Use of combinatorial auctions in the railway industry: Can the “invisible hand” draw the railway timetable?

Rail capacity is currently administratively allocated in Europe, whereas the economic literature has often contemplated the opportunity of introducing market mechanisms, auctions in particular, into this industry. This article tries to fill the gap between practice and theory. It first describes the properties of rail capacity (rigidity and non-homogeneity) and shows that because of its very nature, this capacity must be allocated through combinatorial auctions. As identified by the economic literature, using combinatorial auctions introduces a lot of complexity (winner determination and information burden) into the allocation process. To deal with this complexity, some form of centralized planning is necessary to design the right market mechanisms and to allocate capacity. This could have strong consequences on the current deregulation process.     

气压制动系统储能装置容量特性研究

建立了气压制动系统的简化模型，研究了和储能装置容量特性相关的制动器促动刚度、气室推力和容积以及制动过程中气体的热力学特性，介绍了计算储能装置容量特性的方法。最后讨论了储能装置容量的法规适应性检验、制动系统设计参数协调性、制动问隙对制动力影响和变型车制动系统设计等问题。     

采用多模Turbo编解码器增加CDMA系统用户容量

随着移动用户数量的迅速增加,CDMA系统的容量面临巨大压力。以往Turbo编解码器在CDMA系统中仅用于信道编码,本文则提出采用多模Turbo编解码器增加CDMA系统用户容量。这一方案是基于码分多址与本文提出的Turbo编解码滤波技术。在一个CDMA小区中,基站用K个Turbo编解码器将用户分成K个不同的用户群,每一群的用户可使用小区的全部N个扩频码,采用匹配滤波器组检测同一群内的不同用户。因此,一个小区的用户数量可以增加为原来的K倍。仿真验证该方法是有效的。     

基于EWT-SVD方法的高速列车滚动轴承故障诊断

针对高速列车齿轮箱滚动轴承早期故障特征提取困难的情况,提出了基于经验小波变换(Empirical WaveletTransform,EWT)和奇异值分解(Singularvaluedecomposition,SVD)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先对信号进行EWT变换得到各阶固有模态分量,然后计算各阶固有模态分量的峭度值并选取较大峭度值对应的分量。将选取的分量构造矩阵进行正交化奇异值分解,选择合适的阶数重构信号,最后对重构信号进行Hilbert包络解调分析。分别对仿真信号和滚动轴承发生外环故障进行分析,可以较为清晰地看到滚动轴承故障特征。研究结果表明,结合EWT、峭度系数和SVD的诊断方法可以准确、快速地提取轴承故障信息,从而可以对滚动轴承进行有效诊断。     

武广客运专线路基改良填料的试验研究

结合武广客运专线工程,通过试验研究了全风化泥质粉砂岩的物理力学性质,石灰改良后的液塑限变化、击实特性、水稳定性、无侧限抗压强度及其主要影响因素。试验结果表明:全风化泥质粉砂岩石灰改良后塑性显著降低,亲水性减弱;随着掺入量的增加,最优含水量增大,最大干密度减小;无侧限抗压强度随着压实系数的增大而增大,随着龄期的增长而增加,随着石灰掺入量的增加先增大后减小,最佳石灰掺入量为6%;全风化泥质粉砂岩石灰改良后的物理力学性能有明显改善,特别是力学强度及水理性得到较大提高,能满足客运专线路基填料的要求。