双机RTWT模式的视觉机器人实时仿真系统设计

在全面讨论了以Matlab为软件平台实时仿真方法的基础上,提出了双机RTwT（Real—TimeWindowsTarget）模式的实时仿真系统构架,设计了双目视觉两轮机器人实时目标跟踪系统．相比于传统RTwT模式,该构架大幅度地提高了实时仿真系统的数据处理能力,拓宽了硬件的适用范围．在实时系统测试前,对所使用的位置角度同步、异步控制器及同步补偿算法对目标捕捉性能的影响进行了全仿真研究,仿真结果表明：采用同步控制策略捕捉时间较短,而采用异步控制策略运行轨迹较短,两者各具优势;当扰动不是很大时,同步补偿算法对同步控制的影响较大,能有效缩短捕捉时间和运行轨迹,而对异步控制的影响较小．     

应用零航速减摇鳍的海洋机器人近水面时的横摇减摇控制(英文)

A zero-speed fin stabilizer system was developed for rolling control of a marine robot.As a robot steering device near the sea surface with low speed,it will have rolling motion due to disturbance from waves.Based on the working principle of a zero-speed fin stabilizer and a marine robot’s dynamic properties,a roll damping controller was designed with a master-slave structure.It was composed of a sliding mode controller and an output tracking controller that calculates the desired righting moment and drives the zero-speed fin stabilizer.The methods of input-output linearization and model reference were used to realize the tracking control.Simulations were presented to demonstrate the validity of the control law proposed.     

混凝土机械手湿喷技术在长大隧道中的应用

为探索长大隧道的快速湿喷技术,本文以混凝土喷射机械手在长洪岭隧道进口的实践应用为例,从初期支护混凝土的施工质量、施工效率、回弹量、作业环境、速凝剂掺量等方面对喷射机械手湿喷混凝土的全过程进行阐述和分析,并进行总结和探讨。实践证明,在长大隧道施工中合理选择的性能优良湿喷机械手是快速掘进的关键所在,从施工进度和经济性来考虑,湿喷混凝土机械喷射手具有广阔的发展前景。     

斜拉索检测机器人的智能表观检测研究

为解决斜拉索检测日益繁重的工作任务,提高检测效率,结合斜拉索检测机器人与智能检测技术对斜拉索的外表进行检测。通过机器人在斜拉索上攀爬收集表面图像,将图像输入到卷积神经网络中进行缺陷识别,以确定缺陷的区域和位置。该项技术已成功应用于广东番禺大桥斜拉索的缺陷检测,结果证实:1)机器人能够灵活地采集到完整的斜拉索外表图像,基于智能算法的图像识别过程能够准确分辨出斜拉索不同的缺陷状态;2)识别正确率超过99%,且检测效率比传统方法提高300%,可以显著解决当前斜拉索检测的难题。     

The perspectives of research for enhancing active safety based on advanced control technology

This paper considers the scope and the methodologies for enhancing active safety of road vehicles by sensing and control technologies. The first part of this paper introduces statistical data of traffic accidents in Japan, and describes the development of the drive recorder for accident/incident survey and analysis. Based on vehicle dynamics data, the algorithm of the drive recorder for capturing near-miss incident data is introduced. The second part of this paper reviews control problems of vehicle dynamics on micro-scale electric vehicles for enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving assistance function. In particular, the direct yaw moment control using in-wheel-motors and the active front steering control algorithm are described. The third part of the paper introduces the advanced driver assistance system adapted to driver characteristics and traffic situations. This part mainly describes an adaptive system, which adjusts the assisting manoeuvre depending on individual driver behaviour and situation, and some experimental investigations using the active interface vehicle and driving simulator. Finally, some perspectives and new challenges for future research on vehicle control technology are mentioned.     

重力式码头沉箱接缝检测方法研究与改进

针对重力式码头沉箱安装接缝难以检测的问题,分别采用水下机器人、多波束扫测、三维声呐扫描技术进行检测。检测数据表明:水下机器人对沉箱接缝的检测效果直观、准确度较高;多波束测深系统对沉箱接缝具有一定的识别能力,但对于缝宽较小及距离较远的接缝分辨率较差;三维声呐探测扫测精度高,但扫测范围小且效率低。从测试原理上分析各种方法测试优缺点产生的原因并根据检测需求自主设计了三维声呐测量支架,实现对沉箱接缝任意深度量测,并结合工程实例取得良好的测试效果,为沉箱接缝检测方法的选取提供借鉴。     

高速公路交通事故救援综合实施体系研究

阐述高速公路交通事故救援综合实施体系的指导层、目标层、实施层这一框架结构,探讨以事故黑点预测及排查技术、救援资源布局优化技术和计算机网络技术为支撑的高速公路交通事故救援综合实施技术体系,并沿着救援体系规划、救援管理、救援实施这一纵向思维路线,系统地构建高速公路交通事故救援综合实施体系功能模块,且对各模块进行功能性设计,为我国高速公路救援体系的规划、设计、管理与实施提供参考和依据。     

焊接机械手在客车制造中的应用

简要介绍焊接机械手在客车制造中的应用和与之相配合的专用焊接夹具的设计制作,展现客车制造机械化发展的情景。     

平面二自由度冗余驱动并联机器人控制实验研究

对平面二自由度冗余驱动并联机器人进行了逆运动学分析,由末端执行器的位置计算得到主动关节角的位置.分别采用传统的PID控制方法和PID+速度前馈补偿+加速度前馈补偿的方法对并联机器人轨迹跟踪问题进行了实验研究.通过比较2种控制方法的轨迹跟踪效果和比较由连接在连杆上的加速度传感器测量的振动大小,证明了PID+速度前馈补偿+加速度前馈补偿的方法能更好地实现轨迹跟踪.     

A new plan and coordination strategy for robot system based on state space

This paper proposes a general plan and coordination strategy for robot system. The state space for robot system is constructed according to the task requirement and system characteristic. Reachable state of the system is figured out by the system’s internal and external constraints. Task plan and coordination are then transformed as trajectory solving problem in the state space, by which the realizable conditions for the given task are discussed. If the task is realizable, the optimal strategy for task execution could be investigated and obtained in state space. Otherwise, it could be transformed to be realizable via adjusting the system configuration and/or task constraint, and the transformation condition could also be determined. This contributes to design, plan, and coordination of the robotic tasks. Experiments of the manipulator path planning and multi-robot formation movement are conducted to show the validity and generalization of the proposed method. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60675041) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-06-0398)