Passenger Perspectives in Railway Timetabling: A Literature Review

When looking at railway planning, a discrepancy exists between planners who focus on the train operations and publish fixed railway schedules, and passengers who look not only at the schedules but also at the entirety of their trip, from access to waiting to on-board travel and egress. Looking into this discrepancy is essential, as assessing railway performances by merely measuring train punctuality would provide an unfair picture of the level of service experienced by passengers. Firstly, passengers’ delays are often significantly larger than the train delays responsible for the passengers to be late. Secondly, trains’ punctuality is often strictly related to too tight schedules that in turn might translate into knock-on delays for longer dwelling times at stations, trip delays for increased risk of missing transfer connections, and uncertain assessment of the level of service experienced, especially with fluctuating passenger demand. A key aspect is the robustness of railway timetables. Empirical evidence indicates that passengers give more importance to travel time certainty than travel time reductions, as passengers associate an inherent disutility with travel time uncertainty. This disutility may be broadly interpreted as an anxiety cost for the need for having contingency plans in case of disruptions, and may be looked at as the motivator for the need for delay-robust railway timetables. Interestingly, passenger-oriented optimisation studies considering robustness in railway planning typically limit their emphasis on passengers to the consideration of transfer maintenance. Clearly, passengers’ travel behaviour is far more complex and multi-faceted and thus several other aspects should be considered, as becoming more and more evident from passenger surveys. The current literature review starts by looking at the parameters that railway optimisation/planning studies are focused on and the key performance indicators that impact railway planning. The attention then turns to the parameters influencing passengers’ perceptions and travel experiences. Finally, the review proposes guidelines on how to reduce the gap between the operators’ railway planning and performance measurement on the one hand and the passengers’ perception of the railway performance on the other hand. Thereby, the conclusions create a foundation for a more passenger-oriented railway timetabling ensuring that passengers are provided with the best service possible with the resources available.     

面向鲁棒性的高速铁路网络列车运行调整计划优化模型

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田口鲁棒设计方法在汽车耐撞性优化中的应用

将田口鲁棒设计方法和稳健性理论与试验设计相结合,应用于某微型客车的前端大梁组件结构的设 计,通过与仅靠试验设计得出结果的对比分析,表明该方法不仅实现了对整车耐撞性的优化,同时提高了设计变量的稳健性,具有较强的工程实用性.     

高速磁浮列车主动悬浮与导向的2-DOF控制

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铁路光传送网业务适应性和健壮性分析

通过对铁路光传送网承载业务和组网模式的分析,指出MSTP技术对业务的适应性和常规组网模式健壮性两方面的不足,提出具体的改进建议。     

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煤炭运输网络是包括铁路、公路、水路运输等多种方式的复杂网络,处于动态、开放的环境中并受各种不确定因素影响.为了更好地测度煤炭运输网络抵御破坏的能力,提高煤炭运输网络的结构鲁棒性,本文基于煤炭运输网络特性,在分析影响结构鲁棒性的内部和外部因素的基础上,定义了煤炭运输网络的结构鲁棒性,建立了煤炭运输网络结构鲁棒性评价指标体系,并以山西煤炭运输网络为算例进行仿真分析.结果表明,煤炭运输网络对于边随机破坏和按照度攻击,表现出较好的里程可达鲁棒性和效能鲁棒性;随机攻击节点和按照度攻击节点时,网络的结构熵鲁棒性变化不明显;对网络进行攻击的同时以一定的概率修复网络,网络呈现出较好的恢复鲁棒性.     

砼桥梁耐久性设计原则与构造措施探讨

大量的病害实例表明,除了材料的耐久性,影响砼桥梁耐久性的关键因素是结构构造和体系上的缺陷,而目前的砼结构耐久性研究却很少涉及这方面的内容.本文从桥梁的整体性、可修性、可检性、防水性能等角度探讨了如何在结构设计和构造细节方面采取合适的原则和措施,以便有效地保证桥梁的耐久性能.     

一类具有右半平面零极点对象的Q成形控制

针对回路成形法仅适用于稳定的和最小相位对象,对其他对象难以进行控制器设计的问题,提出了一种直接利用控制器参数化因子Q来成形控制器的方法,该方法对于同时含右半平面零点和极点的对象具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和其他一些动态性能.仿真实例证明了这种设计方法的有效性.     

一类复合模糊控制器在舰炮随动系统中的应用

舰炮随动系统的快速性,稳定性和控制精度是影响舰炮武器系统作战性能的重要因素。针对舰炮随动系统参数时变性和负载干扰大对其快速性,稳定性和准确性的影响,设计了一种P＋FUZZY-PI复合控制器。建立了该控制器的仿真模型,并以某型舰炮为例,分别采用传统PID控制器和P＋FUZZY-PI复合控制器进行了计算机仿真。通过比较仿真结果,表明该复合控制器调节时间短、控制精度高、鲁棒性强。该类控制器能够在舰炮随动控制中获得良好的控制性能。     

利用极点自由度的极点配置鲁棒控制系统的多模设计法

在文献［４］的基础上，提出了一种更符合工程实际要求的极点配置鲁棒控制系统的多模设计法，该方法充分地利用选择闭环极点的自由度来提高闭环系统极点的鲁棒性，适用于对象具有较大的不确定性的鲁棒控制系统的设计，具有很大的工程实用价值．文中给出了实现该设计问题的数值方法．