抛石护坡保护公路下退化性多年冻土效果现场监测研究

为了验证抛碎石护坡保护退化性多年冻土区公路下多年冻土效果,2003年在214国道建立了抛碎石护坡试验路,并建立了系统的地温监测断面.监测结果表明,抛碎石护坡可以在夏季对路基土体起到保温作用,在冬季可以降低路基土体温度;采用抛碎石护坡措施断面各孔位多年冻土地温保持稳定,多年冻土人为上限也比较稳定;采取抛碎石护坡措施以后,可以降低路基周边温度,增强路基的热稳定性,有利于保护或延缓多年冻土退化,减轻公路路基病害程度.     

隧道围岩动态变形规律及控制技术研究

基于前人既有研究成果和日本龟浦隧道围岩变形试验,结合郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道围岩大变形的工程实践,阐述隧道施工影响下围岩变形动态规律,提出围岩变形控制的技术要点和技术措施,并提出相应的围岩变形控制建议.研究结果表明：隧道开挖后的围岩变形可分为掌子面前方的先行变形、掌子面变形及掌子面后方变形3种形式,且这3种变形是同时发生的.控制开挖工作面失稳、拱顶失稳、拱脚下沉和围岩大变形等是隧道围岩变形控制的要点.开挖过程控制和辅助工法控制是隧道围岩变形控制的重点,其中初期支护及时闭合和合理辅助工法的选取是关键.     

基于BP神经网络的阿拉套山隧道围岩物理力学参数反演分析

为研究高寒地区设置中心深埋水沟单线铁路隧道的围岩力学参数问题,以兰新铁路新建博州支线阿拉套山隧道为工程背景,基于FLAC3D数值模拟软件联合MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱构建BP神经网络算法,建立隧道开挖位移正演和反演模型,对围岩物理力学参数作反演分析。通过对中心水沟开挖前的拱顶和拱腰监测数据做拟合分析,发现隧道变形已趋于稳定,反演过程不需考虑中心水沟开挖对围岩的二次扰动。以水沟开挖前的拱顶沉降值和拱腰收敛值作为输入函数,以围岩的体积弹性模量K、剪切弹性模量G、黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、重度γ作为输出函数训练神经网络模型,利用训练好的模型进行所需参数的反演分析。将反演参数代入FLAC3D正演模型计算后,提取中心水沟开挖前的拱顶沉降值和拱腰收敛值,与中心深埋水沟开挖前的实际监控量测值相比较为接近。结果证明,围岩物理力学参数的反演较为合理,对于变形的预测较为准确,可为隧道后期工程的施工和优化设计提供参考。     

TBM掘进中滚刀受力实时监测方法研究

由于掘进环境过于恶劣,TBM（tunnel boring machine）滚刀受力实时监测问题一直难以解决。文章根据对滚刀部件特征和荷载传递规律的分析,在C型垫块中嵌入应变计,提出有效的监测方法,并通过C型垫块的标定试验以及回转破岩试验,验证该监测方法的有效性和可行性。结果表明： 1）在不同贯入度下,根据受力监测方法得到的垂向荷载与油缸荷载大小稍有差别,但两者的变化趋势几乎是一致的,说明该监测方法具有可行性和有效性; 2）随着贯入度的增大,滚刀所受法向力和侧向力也在增大。     

土石混合体地层中基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道影响模型试验研究

为解决土石混合体地层中基坑开挖引起的隧道响应问题,采用非相似试验方法展开研究,土石混合体地层不连续的特性导致其中进行的基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道的影响更为复杂。针对土石混合体地层中基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道的影响问题,采用自主设计的非相似性模型试验模拟隧道旁基坑开挖过程,研究地层含石率w 对基坑开挖引起的隧道结构响应的影响规律。研究结果表明: 含石率w 的上升使得受开挖引起的隧道弯矩变化量的逐步下降;含石率在w<60%、w =60%及w =90%时,隧道管片周围土压力受开挖引起的变化呈现不同规律;当0%     

大跨地铁隧道组合工法穿越断层时的围岩变形控制分析

以深圳轨道交通2号线新莲区间隧道为工程背景,针对大跨地铁隧道穿越断层的围岩变形与控制问题,采用FLAC3D数值模拟,分析双侧壁导坑工法与CD工法不同组合穿越断层的围岩变形规律与注浆控制效果。结果表明： 1）隧道穿越断层破碎带时,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩交界并与断层相交的拱顶处以及Ⅴ级围岩与断层相交的拱腰处的围岩位移最大,是变形控制的关键部位; 2）双侧壁导坑法穿越断层对大跨地铁隧道的围岩变形控制较好,工程实际工法组合下围岩变形的最大影响范围为12.4 m,围岩位移控制较好,工法组合合理有效; 3）注浆加固对断层破碎带处围岩变形模式的影响与控制作用明显,注浆后围岩变形区域由未注浆的“枣核形”变为较均匀的“椭圆形”; 4）提出位移控制率均值的概念,以定量描述围岩的注浆效果,隧道穿越断层时3 m厚度注浆的围岩位移控制率均值达51%,围岩变形控制效果较优。     

Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of Hydraulic Fracturing in Sedimentary Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In the whole process of survey, construction and operation of rock tunnels, hydraulic fracturing is a mechanical mechanism that needs to be focused. In this paper, numerical simulation for fracture damage constitutive model and analytical formula were used to study the hydraulic fracturing of stratified sedimentary rocks. Based on multi-field coupling finite element analysis software, and combining the linear elastic fracture criterion with the damage constitutive model, a seepage-stress-rock damage coupling model is redeveloped, in which micro cracks can be characterized, and applied to study the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass in the saturated seepage process. By introducing dispersed parallel micro cracks for simulating the beddings of sedimentary rocks, the sedimentary rock cylinder model was established to simulate the hydraulic fracturing behaviors under injecting water into apertures and acting of confining pressure, in order to study the fracturing failure modes and seepage distribution patterns. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the critical water pressure for initial cracking and the confining pressure, the pore diameter of specimens was discussed by changing the pore diameter and confining pressure. In order to verify the cracking initiation pressure law obtained by numerical simulation, based on the seepage theory and the basic equation of elastic mechanics, and combined with the tensile failure mode obtained in the simulation, the formula of critical water pressure for cracking initiation in the rock cylinder with uniform linear elastic seepage was derived. The results of analytical solution and numerical calculation show that the cracking initiation pressure obtained by the two methods is in good agreement with the deviation within 3%. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate linear relationship. The smaller the aperture, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate negative slope linear relationship in a certain range. At the same time, the cracking initiation pressure by the analytical solution is always slightly greater than that of the numerical solution, which reflects the impact caused by the difference of the basic material hypothesis between the analytical method and the numerical method. When the material property parameters are consistent, the cracking initiation pressure based on the assumption of ideal linear elastomer will be greater than that of the material introduced into the initial damage bedding. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Flexible Overlap Technology for the Lining Trolley of Single-track Railway Tunnels北大核心CSCD

Falling-off of rock piece at tunnel arch and invert heave are the main potential safety problems affecting normal operation of the railway tunnel. The reasons causing falling-off of rock piece include squeezing by lining trol⁃ ley at construction joint, concrete cutting by cantilever end of water stop at construction joint, construction cold joint at arch, concrete quality deficiency and so on. To eliminate the falling-off of rock piece at tunnel arch caused by rig⁃ id overlap, modification of lining trolley and the flexible overlap technique combining tray with rubber gasket were adopted during the construction of Nuwashan tunnel on China-Laos railway, and the potential quality problem due to rigid overlap at construction joint of tunnel lining were effectively solved. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The Updated Concept of Conventional Tunnelling in Soft Surrounding Rocks北大核心CSCD

In a perspective of modern tunnelling philosophy, some problems on conventional tunnelling in soft rock mass were discussed. The development process of rock mechanical behavior and deformation caused by excava⁃ tion is attributed to the change course from yielding to discrete. Some effective control means were presented as well and the effect of advanced support system was evaluated. As to the deformation controlling technology for squeezing ground, the theory and design principle of yielding support system were introduced. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

大型绞吸挖泥船挖岩绞刀切削数值模拟

针对绞刀切削岩石的特点,建立了考虑步进距离和切层厚度的绞刀受力模型,然后分别建立5 000 kW绞刀物理模型和有限元模型。分析了在反刀切削岩石时绞刀的受力情况,绞刀在最大功率时的应力和变形。计算表明,5 000 kW绞刀在设计工况下,最大变形为1.84 mm,最大应力为140.5 MPa,分别满足刚度要求和强度要求,验证了绞刀设计的合理性。