SIV-DSS: Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System for driving at signalized intersections with V2I communication

In this paper, we present a Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System (SIV-DSS) to help making better stop/go decisions in the indecision zone as a vehicle is approaching a signalized intersection. Supported by the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, the system integrates and utilizes the information from both vehicle and intersection. The effective decision support models of SIV-DSS are realized with the probabilistic sequential decision making process with the capability of combining a variety of advantages gained from a set of decision rules, where each decision rule is responsible to specific situations for making right decisions even without complete information. The decision rules are either extracted from the existing parametric models of the indecision zone problem, or designed as novel ones based on physical models utilizing the integrated information containing the key inputs from vehicle motion, vehicle-driver characteristics, intersection geometry and topology, signal phase and timings, and the definitions of red-light running (RLR). In SIV-DSS, the generality is reached through physical models utilizing a large number of accurate physical parameters, and the heterogeneity is treated by including a few behavioral parameters in driver characteristics. The performance of SIV-DSS is evaluated with systematic simulation experiments. The results show that the system can not only ensure traffic safety by greatly reducing the RLR probability, but also improve mobility by significantly reducing unnecessary stops at the intersection. Finally, we briefly discuss some relevant aspects and implications for SIV-DSS in practical implementations.     

Risk-based spatial zone determination problem for stage-based evacuation operations

This study seeks to determine risk-based evacuation subzones for stage-based evacuation operations in a region threatened/affected by a disaster so that information-based evacuation strategies can be implemented in real-time for the subzone currently with highest evacuation risk to achieve some system-level performance objectives. Labeled the evacuation risk zone (ERZ), this subzone encompasses the spatial locations containing the population with highest evacuation risk which is a measure based on whether the population at a location can be safely evacuated before the disaster impacts it. The ERZ for a stage is calculated based on the evolving disaster characteristics, traffic demand pattern, and network supply conditions over the region in real-time subject to the resource limitations (personnel, equipment, etc.) of the disaster response operators related to implementing the evacuation strategies. Thereby, the estimated time-dependent lead time to disaster impact at a location and the estimated time-dependent clearance time based on evolving traffic conditions are used to compute evacuation risk. This time-unit measure of evacuation risk enables the ERZ concept to be seamlessly applied to different types of disasters, providing a generalized framework for mass evacuation operations in relation to disaster characteristics. Numerical experiments conducted to analyze the performance of the ERZ-based paradigm highlight its benefits in terms of better adapting to the dynamics of disaster impact and ensuring a certain level of operational performance effectiveness benchmarked against the idealized system optimal traffic pattern for the evacuation operation, while efficiently utilizing available disaster response resources.     

《地铁设计规范》新旧版本对照及防火分区、安全疏散的一些问题探讨

为了在地下车站建筑设计过程中,更好地明确总平面布局、防火分区、安全疏散等消防设计问题,吸取前人经验并结合自身实践,对GB 50157—2013《地铁设计规范》与GB 50157—2003《地铁设计规范》相关章节内容进行详细对比分析研究。研究结果表明:新规范对总平面布局、公共区的防火分区及安全疏散等问题作出了明确修订,比旧规范更具实践意义和可操作性;设备管理区的防火分区及安全疏散等相关问题在实践中仍存在歧义,建议进一步补充完善。     

半幅高架与环形匝道组合互通式立交桥设计

小西湖立交改造工程为我国Ⅷ度以上高震区较大规模的互通式立交,桥梁面积26 512.7 m2,桥梁上部结构及下部结构类型较多,环形匝道采用平曲线最低指标,最小半径仅15m,主线共布置了16种桥墩类型,匝道布置了6种类型桥墩。该文重点介绍该立交改造工程的方案设计思路、技术难度、结构与构造形式及受力状况,可为同类立交桥设计提供借鉴。     

三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区节段足尺模型试验

为研究三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区的局部受力特性,以2×616 m的三塔组合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,运用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了索塔锚固区的梁-实-接触参数化有限元模型。对不同高度模型的数值结果进行了对比分析,确定出合理的试验模型高度。在此基础上,选取索塔锚固区有代表性的节段进行了足尺模型试验,并对试验的测试内容、测试步骤和试验方法进行了详细阐述。研究结果表明:短边、长边预应力钢筋的预应力损失分别占张拉力的15.3%、10.4%;实测值与计算值基本吻合,锚固区有足够的压应力储备;在正常使用状态下,与现有双塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区模型相比,试验模型其顺桥向测点变形最小少1.6倍、最大少4.03倍。     

地震反射波法在锦州凌水湾大桥工程地质勘察中的应用

以锦州凌水湾大桥工程地质勘察项目为例,简要介绍应用地震反射波法进行潮间带野外工程地质勘察的工作原理、仪器设备选择、观测系统设计和观测方法等,以及探测资料解释、处理和综合分析的成果,可供类似潮间带浅水区工程地质勘察项目参考。     

青岛海底隧道围岩应力场与渗流场相互作用数值模拟

青岛海底隧道工程海域段穿越断裂破碎带,岩体呈碎裂结构,岩质软硬不均。为对岩体渗流场与洞周围岩开挖二次应力场二者间进行相互作用分析,应用非线性有限元程序ABAQUS检算施工期海底隧道开挖和衬护结构施作后,围岩体渗流场与隧道开挖二次应力场间的相互作用,得出围岩体渗流场、应力场的分布规律、洞周围岩塑性区的分布和范围,为海底隧道工程提供设计、施工依据。     

Integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process: The Massachusetts experience

Abstract

This paper concerns the limitations on integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process as exemplified by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a state with a strong tradition of “home rule”; and a CZM implementation program based on a “networking”; of existing state authorities. The implications of the Massachusetts experience are that: (a) management of esthetic resources at the state level continues to be much less of a priority than management of ecological resources such as wetlands or floodplains; (b) visual management has yet to engender a strongly supportive constituency beyond that concerned with historic preservation; (c) project review focusing on visual impacts may be a more appropriate activity for local rather than state government; and (d) the technical aspects of visual management or impact assessment are far more advanced than their political acceptability. Political realities, together with the decision that implementation of the program should be based on a networking of existing authorities, thus determined the degree to which visual management could be incorporated into the state's program. As a result, the program's principal instruments of visual management became a strengthening of existing programs such as Wild and Scenic Rivers, reliance on wetland protection statutes to indirectly protect natural scenic values, and the use of the federal consistency provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act to foster focused growth patterns through provision of publicly funded infrastructures. Esthetically oriented project review, with the exception of potential impacts on historic sites, was left to the discretion of local government, and a technical assistance program was created to provide funding or professional skills to communities interested in developing their own esthetic controls or design review processes. Maine, Rhode Island, and other New England states have followed a similar course.     

Assessment of coastal zone issues in the Republic of Korea

Abstract

The physical characteristics of Korea have had a profound impact on the uses of the coastal zone that have, in turn, been determined by and reinforced the nation's economic development strategy. While coastal zone management in many developed economies is more heavily oriented toward environmental protection and the resolution of user conflicts, policies for coastal zone management in Korea have emphasized the role of coastal space and other resources for economic development and industrial needs. Increasing demand for land reclamation to provide ever‐increasing industrial sites and human settlements, traditional and future needs of the fishery, and concern for the environment have led to a vast array of competition and, finally, often to conflicts. The basic pattern of coastal zone use in Korea has changed from the linear expansion of coastal zone to integrated coastal uses. An increased number of critical coastal zone issues and interactions was reflected in the creation of new governance that dealt with coastal zone resources and environment.