大断面黄土隧道开挖引起的围岩力学响应

以胡麻岭隧道为工程背景,采用现场监测与三维数值模拟结合的方法,分析隧道开挖后黄土围岩应力场、位移场与塑性区的变化规律;同时对台阶法施工中影响围岩力学响应的因素进行分析.结果表明:围岩接触压力分布很不均匀;拱腰、墙角和边墙是施工过程中的薄弱环节,应加强支护刚度,设置锁脚锚杆或扩大拱脚;建议取消拱部系统锚杆,既有利于控制围岩变形又可减少工程投资;支护结构调整了围岩应力的分配,改善了应力集中且控制了塑性区的发展,故应坚持“及时支护、及早封闭成环”的原则;上台阶支护对控制拱顶沉降起着关键作用,施工中应引起足够重视;拱顶沉降在变形允许范围内,说明现行支护设计参数满足安全性要求;掌子面空间效应的影响范围约为其前方2～3倍洞径;数值计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合.     

几座自锚式悬索桥主缆锚固区设计

主缆锚固区是自锚式悬索桥的关键传力区域,主缆锚固区结构型式的合理选择和设计是自锚式悬索桥最为关键的技术之一。以几座自锚式悬索桥主缆锚固区设计为工程实例,对混凝土结构锚固、钢结构锚固及钢混凝土组合结构锚固3种主缆锚固区常见的锚固方式进行结构设计和计算的对比分析,得出3种锚固方式的优缺点及合理选择主缆锚固区结构型式的条件。     

南京地铁AFC区域线路中心的规划设计

在介绍南京地铁AFC系统建设现状的基础上,给出区域线路中心的概念,分析建设区域线路中心的必要性,阐述区域线路中心的关键问题,介绍南京地铁AFC系统区域线路规划设计情况,最后对南京地铁AFC区域线路中心仍待解决的问题进行分析和展望。     

京沪高速铁路CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道长桥底座板施工技术

CRTSⅡ型板式轨道板在桥上支承构件是钢筋混凝土底座板,也是连续跨越大量简支梁和连续梁的结构构件。中小桥桥上底座板直接与设置在桥台两端路基中的常规端刺连接,其施工工艺简单可靠,而长桥底座板施工工艺复杂而繁锁。施工前要进行底座板施工单元的划分,临时端刺区、常规区、后浇带的设置,底座板纵连张拉,各浇筑段施工顺序的确定,钢筋搭接后浇带关键施工技术的验证。通过对京沪高速铁路CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道长桥底座板施工工艺研究、施工工艺优化验证,为CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道总结出了一套成熟的长桥底座板施工工艺。     

超前全断面与半断面帷幕注浆效果分析

针对在建公路隧道穿越断层破碎带时安全的施工方法,采用数值模拟结合现场监控量测的方法,对比分析了未进行注浆加固、超前半断面帷幕注浆和全断面帷幕注浆3种工况下初期支护的受力变形特性,评价了不同工况下的注浆效果。分析结果表明:未进行注浆加固工况下的拱顶沉降、仰拱隆起和周边收敛分别是超前半断面及全断面帷幕注浆的2.41倍、1.18倍、11.08倍和2.87倍、3.69倍、14.72倍;超前全断面帷幕注浆工况下的初期支护最大拉应力、最大压应力为4.24 MPa和26.85 MPa,比未进行注浆加固和超前半断面帷幕注浆减少了271.93%、363.21%和15.83%、28.57%。沉降监测数据非线性回归分析结果表明超前半断面、全断面帷幕注浆两种工况下沉降均趋于收敛,表现出安全稳定态势。     

Book review

Coastal Resource Use: Decisions on Puget Sound by Robert L. Bish, Robert Warren, Louis F. Weschler, James A. Crutchfield, and Peter Harrison.

Published by University of Washington Press in cooperation with Washington Sea Grant Program, 1975. 206 pp., 15 figs.     

Artificial Reefs as Restoration Tools: A Case Study on the West Florida Shelf

Artificial reefs are one of a number of tools that should be considered by scientists and managers when planning coastal zone restoration and/or mitigation projects. In this article, the details of one project from the West Florida Shelf are presented. Two types of artificial reefs were used to mitigate pipeline construction impacts on natural hardbottom ledges in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The project's primary objective was to avoid the paradigm of building artificial reefs as fish attraction devices, and to instead implement a design that would mimic, not augment, natural hardbottom conditions. Fish assemblage parameters (species richness and commercial fish abundances) were compared between the artificial habitats and natural hardbottom reference sites. Results indicate that species richness trends are similar among artificial and natural reefs, while certain commercial fish abundances are significantly higher on the artificial reefs. Recommendations for future restoration/mitigation projects using artificial reefs are discussed.     

Improving the State of Coastal Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region

Stresses impacting the coastal zone in the Asia-Pacific region are briefly reviewed under the headings of sustainable coastal activities, coastal ecosystem management, community/resource interactions, coastal resource economics and sustainability, coastal area planning, and integrated coastal policies. Recent contributions on mitigation of these stresses are introduced, with emphasis on the Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific Conference, held in Bangkok, May 2002, where various innovative approaches to research, education, information sharing, and coastal policies aiming at improving the state of the coastal areas were presented. These include the roles of community in integrated coastal management; tools and planning for management of coastal areas; education program and capacity building; and the establishments of national and regional frameworks for integrated coastal management. As appropriate information and its transfer are critical to these processes, an analysis is presented of the content of the database on coastal projects in the region, highlighting areas of research interests, funding sources, and achievements. Another database on coastal ecosystems, currently under development, is presented as an example of the type of resource that can be expected to help advance our knowledge and ability to improve the management of coastal areas. Overall, these tools should allow us, given the political will, to improve the state of coastal areas.     

高速公路作业区限速标志下车速选择模型研究

为建立高速公路作业区限速标志下的车速选择模型,文中利用VISSIM仿真数据、实测数据分别对模型进行标定和验证,模型的相对误差小于5.0%。结果显示,驾驶人经过限速标志后车速降低,但限速效果与限速值的大小有关,限速值差别较小时限速效果好。因此,可以在作业区内每隔一段距离依次设置数值递减的限速标志,以提升限速效果。     

珠机城际铁路公铁同层合建桥方案比选

珠机城际铁路金海特大桥跨磨刀门水道主通航孔跨径为3×340 m,采用公铁同层布置,结合桥址区建设条件,对桥型方案进行研究比选。从桥式上对比多塔斜拉桥方案与钢桁拱桥方案,由于设计基准风速大、台风频发、多主跨等因素,考虑经济性、施工难度及施工过程抗风稳定性,最终确定采用(58.5+116+3×340+116+58.5)m多塔斜拉桥方案。在此基础上,针对多塔斜拉桥,对桥塔中置和桥塔外包方案,从结构受力、施工、经济性、景观性等进行综合比选,最终推荐采用温度效应小及抗震性能好、施工工期短、经济性相当、景观效果好的桥塔中置方案。