三轴客车侧倾中心线的确定及影响

浅析三轴客车的悬架侧倾中心、侧倾轴线的确定方法，提出等效侧倾中心轴线的概念，为解决一些三轴客车轮胎异常磨损提供理论依据。     

客车转向架抗侧滚扭杆装置特性分析

阐述了客车转向架安装抗侧滚扭杆装置的必要性 ,介绍了抗侧滚扭杆装置的结构和功能 ,建立了抗侧滚扭杆装置的力学模型 ,分析和计算了该装置对倾覆系数、柔度系数等性能参数的影响     

Efficient estimation of extreme non-linear roll motions using the first-order reliability method (FORM)

In on-board decision support systems, efficient procedures are needed for real-time estimation of the maximum ship responses to be expected within the next few hours, given online information on the sea state and user-defined ranges of possible headings and speeds. For linear responses, standard frequency domain methods can be applied. For non-linear responses, as exhibited by the roll motion, standard methods such as direct time domain simulations are not feasible due to the required computational time. However, the statistical distribution of non-linear ship responses can be estimated very accurately using the first-order reliability method (FORM), which is well known from structural reliability problems. To illustrate the proposed procedure, the roll motion was modelled by a simplified non-linear procedure taking into account non-linear hydrodynamic damping, time-varying restoring and wave excitation moments, and the heave acceleration. Resonance excitation, parametric roll, and forced roll were all included in the model, albeit with some simplifications. The result is the mean out-crossing rate of the roll angle together with the most probable wave scenarios (critical wave episodes), leading to user-specified specific maximum roll angles. The procedure is computationally very effective and can thus be applied to real-time determination of ship-specific combinations of heading and speed to be avoided in the actual sea state.     

船模静水横摇试验的不确定度分析

为提高船模横摇阻尼力矩系数测量精度,对船模进行6次静水横摇试验。通过试验获得小角度船模静水横摇消灭曲线,根据最小二乘法计算得到的拟合曲线的斜率,即衰减系数;利用过原点拟合直线斜率的不确定度分析方法,得到衰减系数的不确定度;对横摇周期、横摇转动惯量的不确定度分别进行估算,进而得到阻尼力矩系数的不确定度。结果表明:衰减系数的B类不确定度分量对合成标准不确定度的贡献率达到了74.92%,衰减系数的合成标准不确定度分量在阻尼力矩系数的合成标准不确定度中占79.88%。横摇角的测量精度是横摇阻尼力矩系数不确定度的主要来源,提高横摇角测量仪器的精度,可降低阻尼力矩系数的不确定度。     

基于显式求解的板材卷制成形力学行为分析

三辊卷制成形作为船体外板弯曲成形加工的主要方法,影响船体建造的精度和效率。本研究针对船体外板的三辊卷制成形过程,基于ANSYS和LS-DYNA的非线性显示求解,考虑了轴棍-板材的接触问题和卷制成形的力学行为,预测的板材弯曲形状与实际测量数据基本吻合。同时,研究了板材材质、上辊下压位移以及下辊间距等对板材卷制成形精度的影响,建立了各工艺参数与板材卷制曲率半径间的数学关系,并进行了验证。     

基于神经网络的鲁棒自适应舵减摇控制

针对欠驱动船舶在未知海浪扰动下的舵减摇控制问题,设计一种基于有限时间收敛的滤波反步滑模自适应控制器。

首先,针对常规反步法中微分爆炸问题,引入一阶滤波器,以避免对虚拟控制律的求导;然后,根据有限时间控制理论,通过滤波反步法与滑模自适应控制方法,设计有限时间收敛的舵减摇控制律;最后,通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明航向子系统和减摇子系统的稳定性。

仿真结果表明,在不同海浪扰动下,所设计控制器使船舶能够在有限时间内追踪航向并实现减摇效果;与反步滑模控制相比,所设计控制器可改善船舶航向保持控制性能,减摇率提升了5%。

所提方法可为欠驱动船舶舵减摇控制问题提供参考。

     

风帆助航船非线性横摇倾覆概率研究

风帆助航技术为船舶利用可再生能源提供了途径,但随着横摇的幅度加大,导致船舶倾覆的概率也增大。文章采用数值分析的方法对风帆助航船舶的非线性横摇方程进行分析求解,对有风帆助航与无风帆助航船在风浪作用下产生倾覆的概率作了比较,为采用风帆助航技术的远洋船舶在符合初稳性和气象衡准稳性条件下的横摇倾覆防范提供研究思路。     

Real-time estimation of the road bank and grade angles with unknown input observers

This paper proposes an approach for the estimation of the road angles independent from the road friction conditions. The method employs unknown input observers on the roll and pitch dynamics of the vehicle. The correlation between the road angle rates and the pitch/roll rates of the vehicle is also investigated to increase the accuracy. Dynamic fault thresholds are implemented in the algorithm to ensure reliable estimation of the vehicle body and road angles. Performance of the proposed approach in reliable estimation of the road angles is experimentally demonstrated through vehicle road tests. Road test experiments include various driving scenarios on different road conditions to thoroughly validate the proposed approach.     

Enhancing roll stability of heavy vehicle by LQR active anti-roll bar control using electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators

Rollover of heavy vehicle is an important road safety problem world-wide. Although rollovers are relatively rare events, they are usually deadly accidents when they occur. The roll stability loss is the main cause of rollover accidents in which heavy vehicles are involved. In order to improve the roll stability, most of modern heavy vehicles are equipped with passive anti-roll bars to reduce roll motion during cornering or riding on uneven roads. However these may be not sufficient to overcome critical situations. This paper introduces the active anti-roll bars made of four electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators, which are modelled and integrated in a yaw-roll model of a single unit heavy vehicle. The control signal is the current entering the electronic servo-valve and the output is the force generated by the hydraulic actuator. The active control design is achieved solving a linear optimal control problem based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) approach. A comparison of several LQR controllers is provided to allow for tackling the considered multi-objective problems. Simulation results in frequency and time domains show that the use of two active anti-roll bars (front and rear axles) drastically improves the roll stability of the single unit heavy vehicle compared with the passive anti-roll bar.     

随机海浪中船舶安全概率的数值模拟

近年来国外发展起来的安全盆思想为衡准船舶动稳性特性开辟了一条新的途径,本文将安全盆的思想进行了延续和拓展。首先简要的介绍了求解微分方程的数值方法——谐加速度方法的基本思想与计算步骤,然后以一条渔船为例,引进ISSC双参数海浪谱,在构建船舶横摇运动微分方程时考虑了船速和遭遇浪向角的影响,应用谐加速度方法对船舶在随机海浪下的非线性横摇运动方程进行了数值求解,结合数理统计的知识,得到了随机海浪中4参数的船舶安全概率,分析了波高、波浪特征周期、遭遇浪向角、船速以及海浪随机相位角等因素对船舶安全概率的影响。