昔格达组地层承载力综合试验研究

昔格达组地层是西南地区覆盖在早第三系之上,成韵律互层的一套静水河湖相沉积地层。选定三个典型昔格达分布地区开展对比试验研究,进行了一系列原位土工试验,即平板载荷试验、标准贯入试验,以及室内单轴抗压试验和常规土工试验,分析研究不同方法确定西南地区半成岩的昔格达组地层地基承载力特征值之间的关系,结合试验结果提出确定昔格达组地层承载力特征值的范围值,为今后工程建设提供设计依据。     

Simulations of roughness growth on rails - results from a 2D non-Hertzian, non-steady contact model

A new model for simulating rail roughness growth on tangent track is presented in this paper. The model consists of three relatively independent components: (1) a time-domain vehicle/track interaction model; (2) a 2D non-Hertzian and non-steady wheel/rail contact model; and (3) a wear model. Wheel/rail contact forces for a given initial roughness obtained from the vehicle/track interaction model are used by the contact model to calculate the contact patch size, normal pressure and tangential stresses with material removal assumed to be linearly proportional to the friction work in the contact patch. The roughness profile is updated and fed back into vehicle/track interaction model. The 2D contact model is initially compared with a 3D model for various wavelength of initial sinusoidal roughness. Long term roughness growth is then simulated with the 2D contact model. Simulation shows that all initial sinusoidal roughness of wavelengths between 20-100 mm are levelled out. The wavelength-fixing mechanism, that has previously been used to explain the cause of corrugation, is not found in the present investigations.     

滚石运动模拟分析与危险性评价

随着公路在山区的建设和使用,危岩体不断地威胁着公路的安全使用。以茂县渭门乡危岩体为例,运用Rockfall软件对滚石的运动轨迹、冲击动能进行模拟,并通过赫兹碰撞理论、质点弹性理论接触问题两种计算方法,分析和求解滚石对行车的最大冲击力;从而得到滚石下落的落点区域主要集中在公路上、滚石下落到公路区域时的动能以及滚石撞击汽车时最大冲击力,综合判定危岩体对公路安全使用造成的危害,必须采取有效措施加以防治,确保安全。     

地铁不同场段分布对其规模分配和运营成本的影响

城市轨道交通的车辆段和停车场需要占用大量的城市土地,合理分配场段规模可以优化占地面积,提高运营效率。基于一场一段情况下,总结出不同接轨方案的场段规模分配计算方法,提出场段分布位置在线路中接近对称时,场段规模大致相等的研究结论。同时,提出地铁收发车空跑距离计算模型,并对不同场段分布对运营成本的影响因素进行分析,提出降低运营期间场段收发车空跑运营成本的途径。     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

CAD和Midas/Civil用于异形结构杆板单元混合建模设计

以牵索挂篮底篮承重拱桁架为例,重点介绍了利用CAD和Midas/Civil完成异形结构杆板单元的混合建模,实现临时结构优化的实施案例过程,以期为类似临时结构优化设计提供一种思路.     

论驼峰溜放车辆走行阻力与速度控制

驼峰溜放车辆的走行阻力包括车辆本身的阻力、线路阻力、空气阻力,以及调速设备的残余阻力等,它们在溜放车辆的走行过程中,参与了调速设备对车辆的速度控制,而且它们对速度的“控制”是人们无法干预的,是复杂而多变的,故对车辆的正常调速起到了干扰作用,使调车作业的效果受到一定影响.文中重点阐述了车辆走行阻力的基本情况,同时对车辆溜行速度控制产生偏差进行了分析.     

英标钻孔桩单桩承载力及沉降计算方法研究

不同于国标的桩基承载力计算， 英国标准计算单桩承载力是一种半经验-半计算法， 目前应用较多的为有效应力法和标准贯入度值(SPT)法，而这2种计算方法需要结合土工试验参数或者原位试验结果， 并按照规范给出的经验系数进行计算。分析表明: 英国标准中的有效应力法对土工试验参数较为敏感， 计算得到的极限承载力变异性较大； SPT法计算得到的极限承载力值较为稳定， 且与试桩结果较为符合， 在工程设计中建议结合SPT计算法， 对有效应力法结果进行修正。     

改善铁道车辆车内环境的空调装置

以通勤、近郊型电动车安装的空调装置为实例，介绍了空调装置的结构、控制内容，阐述了根据实车内的环境监控，提高空调机组的控制性能，以达到改善车内环境的目的。     

双球面减隔震支座等效摩擦系数理论分析与试验研究

对双球面减隔震支座的主要参数等效摩擦系数进行理论分析、数值模拟及试验研究,为桥梁、建筑结构的抗震设计与分析提供参考。试验研究包括在竖向承载力和加载频率不同时等效摩擦系数的对比分析,并分析支座等效刚度、等效黏滞阻尼比及滞回曲线。结果表明:支座滞回曲线的试验值与模拟值、理论分析结果基本接近,验证了支座的等效摩擦系数理论公式的正确性;支座主要设计基本参数及等效摩擦系数的模拟值及试验值与理论值基本相符,进一步验证了支座的等效摩擦系数理论公式的合理性。