Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.     

Survey of programs on contact mechanics developed by J.J. Kalker

In his extensive career, Joost Kalker worked on many contact phenomena. For this, he developed various theories, which were accompanied by algorithms and computer programs. Most notably, these are the FASTSIM algorithm for quickly evaluating the nonlinear creep-force law in vehicle dynamic simulations, the CONTACT program for the exact theory of rolling contact in 3D elastic halfspaces, and the USETAB program that uses a large table calculated with CONTACT, in order to improve over the FASTSIM algorithm in speed, accuracy and versatility as well.     

改善小型高速艇总体性能的措施研究

结合某项产品的设计论证和船模试验,对小型高速艇的总体性能进行了研究,提出了减小船体阻力、改善耐波性和减小船体振动的若干措施。     

冲击碾压法处理湿陷性黄土路基的施工技术

黄土地区的湿陷性黄土路基常因处治不当而发生变形沉陷.陕西省禹阎高速公路某标段湿陷性黄土路段处理的施工实践,收到了良好的效果.     

水下机器人近水面横摇运动的解耦控制

水下机器人在近水面低速航行时,为了有效克服海浪干扰的作用,提高水下机器人横摇控制的性能,依据解耦控制理论和零航速减摇鳍的工作原理,在水下机器人水平面运动耦合模型的基础上运用解耦控制方法进行横摇控制.该方法将水平面运动耦合模型分解为横荡、横摇和艏摇三个子系统进行分析,根据期望性能指标配置横摇子系统模型的极点,并将均方差最小线性递推滤波算法引入到状态信号的反馈通路中.通过对各种海情下水下机器人的横摇运动姿态进行仿真,结果表明:该解耦控制方法可应用于水下机器人近水面横摇运动的控制,其控制结果良好.     

耐碰撞车辆的撞击性能

对耐碰撞车辆列车的撞击性能作了分析研究,并编制了解析大型塑性变形的动力学模拟程序。对进一步改进耐碰撞车辆的设计进行了讨论。     

级配碎石混合料组成设计的试验研究

采用紧密嵌挤骨架-密实原则．对级配碎石混合料的组成设计进行系统的室内试验研究．并且在规范范围内设计了5种走向的级配类型．进行重型击实及振动碾压试验。可用以指导混合料的组成设计．并且有效地克服级配碎石基层永久变形大和弹性模量偏低的缺点。     

船舶在随机横浪中的奇异倾覆机理

本文应用非线性随机动力系统理论,从系统稳定性的角度来分析船舶在随机横浪上的运动稳定性,籍此来研究随机海浪中船舶奇异倾覆的机理.本文的研究发现随机动力系统的全局分岔是导致系统失稳并导致船舶倾覆的一种途径.基于这一思路借助随机Melnikov方法,通过求取相流函数零点得到了船舶运动全局稳定性丧失时海浪条件的阈值,从而可以对船舶的抗倾覆能力作出定量的考察.     

船舶大幅横摇运动

本文讨论了六个自由度船舶非线性运动方程.在船舶作大幅横摇运动假定下,采用压力积分方法,利用Taylor展开,导出其他自由度运动对横摇的非线性耦合运动方程.得到其他自由度运动对横摇的非线性耦合系数表达式,以及入射波和绕射波对横摇扶正力矩的非线性影响.结果表明,纵向运动对横摇的非线性静力耦合作用不存在,它们之间的耦合主要是由波浪引起的.