路面基层平整度控制方案

对影响基层平整度的因素进行了简要分析,从拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压等环节提出改进措施,同时对落实平整度控制的保证措施提出合理建议。     

德龙驾驶室二道密封条专用工装的研制

本文针对生产现场出现的德龙驾驶室二道密封条装配后不合率高,分析出影响二道密封条不合格率高的主要症结是密封条脱落,而影响二道密封条脱落的主要原因是生产现场无密封条装配专用工装,经过研制使用,解决了德龙驾驶室二道密封条脱落问题。     

基于圆角滚压工艺的曲轴疲劳行为研究

利用有限元计算软件Abaqus,采用三维显式动力学计算,模拟曲轴圆角滚压过程。利用软件自带的二次开发程序,编写数据采集程序,得到了曲轴圆角表面和内部的应力分布情况。参照曲轴真实疲劳试验,对曲轴进行模拟弯曲疲劳试验,得到不同弯矩水平下曲轴圆角应力分布情况。将模拟弯曲疲劳试验得到的圆角工作应力与滚压后的圆角残余应力进行耦合计算,获得更为准确的曲轴疲劳强度,并依此对曲轴滚压参数进行优化,优化后的曲轴疲劳极限弯矩提高15.7%。     

Simulations of roughness growth on rails - results from a 2D non-Hertzian, non-steady contact model

A new model for simulating rail roughness growth on tangent track is presented in this paper. The model consists of three relatively independent components: (1) a time-domain vehicle/track interaction model; (2) a 2D non-Hertzian and non-steady wheel/rail contact model; and (3) a wear model. Wheel/rail contact forces for a given initial roughness obtained from the vehicle/track interaction model are used by the contact model to calculate the contact patch size, normal pressure and tangential stresses with material removal assumed to be linearly proportional to the friction work in the contact patch. The roughness profile is updated and fed back into vehicle/track interaction model. The 2D contact model is initially compared with a 3D model for various wavelength of initial sinusoidal roughness. Long term roughness growth is then simulated with the 2D contact model. Simulation shows that all initial sinusoidal roughness of wavelengths between 20-100 mm are levelled out. The wavelength-fixing mechanism, that has previously been used to explain the cause of corrugation, is not found in the present investigations.     

滚石运动模拟分析与危险性评价

随着公路在山区的建设和使用,危岩体不断地威胁着公路的安全使用。以茂县渭门乡危岩体为例,运用Rockfall软件对滚石的运动轨迹、冲击动能进行模拟,并通过赫兹碰撞理论、质点弹性理论接触问题两种计算方法,分析和求解滚石对行车的最大冲击力;从而得到滚石下落的落点区域主要集中在公路上、滚石下落到公路区域时的动能以及滚石撞击汽车时最大冲击力,综合判定危岩体对公路安全使用造成的危害,必须采取有效措施加以防治,确保安全。     

地铁不同场段分布对其规模分配和运营成本的影响

城市轨道交通的车辆段和停车场需要占用大量的城市土地,合理分配场段规模可以优化占地面积,提高运营效率。基于一场一段情况下,总结出不同接轨方案的场段规模分配计算方法,提出场段分布位置在线路中接近对称时,场段规模大致相等的研究结论。同时,提出地铁收发车空跑距离计算模型,并对不同场段分布对运营成本的影响因素进行分析,提出降低运营期间场段收发车空跑运营成本的途径。     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

论驼峰溜放车辆走行阻力与速度控制

驼峰溜放车辆的走行阻力包括车辆本身的阻力、线路阻力、空气阻力,以及调速设备的残余阻力等,它们在溜放车辆的走行过程中,参与了调速设备对车辆的速度控制,而且它们对速度的“控制”是人们无法干预的,是复杂而多变的,故对车辆的正常调速起到了干扰作用,使调车作业的效果受到一定影响.文中重点阐述了车辆走行阻力的基本情况,同时对车辆溜行速度控制产生偏差进行了分析.     

改善铁道车辆车内环境的空调装置

以通勤、近郊型电动车安装的空调装置为实例，介绍了空调装置的结构、控制内容，阐述了根据实车内的环境监控，提高空调机组的控制性能，以达到改善车内环境的目的。     

Shear forces in the contact patch of a braked-racing tyre

This article identifies tyre modelling features that are fundamental to the accurate simulation of the shear forces in the contact patch of a steady-rolling, slipping and cambered racing tyre. The features investigated include contact patch shape, contact pressure distribution, carcass flexibility, rolling radius (RR) variations and friction coefficient. Using a previously described physical tyre model of modular nature, validated for static conditions, the influence of each feature on the shear forces generated is examined under different running conditions, including normal loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and?3°, and longitudinal slip ratios from 0 to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest in terms of its connection with the limit-handling feel. The results of the simulations reveal that true representations of the contact patch shape, carcass flexibility and lateral RR variation are essential for an accurate prediction of the distribution and the magnitude of the shear forces generated at the tread–road interface of the cambered tyre. Independent of the camber angle, the contact pressure distribution primarily influences the shear force distribution and the slip characteristics around the peak longitudinal force. At low brake-slip ratios, the friction coefficient affects the shear forces in terms of their distribution, while, at medium to high-slip ratios, the force magnitude is significantly affected. On the one hand, these findings help in the creation of efficient yet accurate tyre models. On the other hand, the research results allow improved understanding of how individual tyre components affect the generation of shear forces in the contact patch of a rolling and slipping tyre.