从南兆路车辆段的设计看国内地铁车辆段建设的发展趋势

为使车辆段建设满足地铁车辆技术的发展,研究地铁车辆检修模式的发展趋势。通过介绍北京地铁大兴线南兆路车辆段的工程设计,分析香港地铁车辆检修模式,并针对南兆路车辆段的运营情况及存在的问题,对车辆段设计提出了具体的措施和建议。最后结合车辆技术的发展,通过对香港地铁、北京地铁检修模式的分析,得出了地铁车辆检修模式的发展趋势。     

东日本铁路公司车辆维修现状及发展前景

2012年10月,JR东日本铁路集团公司提出了未来的“集团公司经营构想V——推动公司持续发展”计划。其中将改进服务质量,提升乘客满意程度列为铁路运输的首要目标。要实现这一目标,车辆维修部门必须发挥至关重要的作用。文章介绍了东日本铁路集团为确保安全、稳定的运输及与环境的协调,在机车车辆维修方面进行的多种改进、采取的有效措施及取得的成效。同时也描述了今后的发展前景。     

哈尔滨南站减速顶运用调研分析

结合哈尔滨南站减速顶使用的现状,对目前减速顶运用中存在的标准执行、技术设备管理、人员等方面的问题进行了分析,同时提出了转变维修思路,变状态修为保养修,不断提高车站管理人员的技术业务水平,加大减速顶的科技力量投入,加大减速顶设备资金的投入等建议.     

真空热处理提高滚丝轮寿命试验研究

本文通过对两种型号的滚丝轮分别进行真空热处理和箱式炉热处理,并进行现场寿命对比试验及分析,得出真空热处理滚丝轮寿命比箱式炉滚丝轮寿命分别提高60％和140％。标准件厂冷镦车间采用真空热处理滚丝轮一年能节约模具费50万元以上,具有明显的经济效益;真空热处理可广泛用于表面质量要求高,变形小,精密的工模具处理。     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.     

Survey of programs on contact mechanics developed by J.J. Kalker

In his extensive career, Joost Kalker worked on many contact phenomena. For this, he developed various theories, which were accompanied by algorithms and computer programs. Most notably, these are the FASTSIM algorithm for quickly evaluating the nonlinear creep-force law in vehicle dynamic simulations, the CONTACT program for the exact theory of rolling contact in 3D elastic halfspaces, and the USETAB program that uses a large table calculated with CONTACT, in order to improve over the FASTSIM algorithm in speed, accuracy and versatility as well.     

改善小型高速艇总体性能的措施研究

结合某项产品的设计论证和船模试验,对小型高速艇的总体性能进行了研究,提出了减小船体阻力、改善耐波性和减小船体振动的若干措施。