一种旋转机械振动信号小波去噪方法

针对旋转机械的非平稳振动信号难以用传统方法处理的问题,本文讨论了小波方法在旋转机械振动信号去噪中的应用。针对旋转机械故障信号的特点,提出阈值去噪和模极大值相结合的小波去噪方法对振动信号进行处理,并利用多种指标对去噪后信号做出全而客观的评价。实验结果表明该方法可以有效的提高故障信号信噪比,有利于提高后期故障诊断的准确率。     

小松盾构机ROBOTEC导向系统初始化技术研究

盾构施工导向系统使用时,初始化精度对于盾构顺利掘进和精确贯通至关重要。目前ROBOTEC导向系统初始化精度相对较低,尤其是盾构多次使用后,盾尾会发生较大变形,将大大降低初始化精度,有时甚至会得出错误的初始化数据。通过对盾壳的测量及在盾尾内部增加参考点的三维旋转法,有效地提高了导向系统初始化精度,并可在掘进中利用盾尾增设参考点随时方便地检查导向系统的正确性。     

路边石导向巴士（KGB）系统的研究与设计

介绍了路边石导向快速巴士的工作原理及导向轮装置的构造,详细阐述了导向轮装置关键总成的设计方法以及导向装置与客车悬架、转向的干涉校核方法。     

常压燃料电池系统膜增湿器与焓轮增湿器性能比较

为比较用于大功率燃料电池系统的膜增湿器和焓轮增湿器性能,基于一维扩散方程建立了膜增湿器性能分析模型,基于表面扩散方程建立了焓轮增湿器性能分析模型,模拟了各操作参数对二者性能的影响,模拟结果与实验数据符合良好。分析表明,低空气流量、高进气温度和高转轮转速有利于提高焓轮增湿器表面扩散系数,膜增湿器内水含量梯度随空气流量增加而减小并在进气温度约40℃时达到最小值;焓轮增湿器动态响应能力优于膜增湿器。     

轮心六分力作用下悬架疲劳载荷谱提取

准确提取车身连接点载荷是车身疲劳耐久性分析的关键.本文基于某轻型客车研发过程中单独对前、后车轮测取的道路试验轮心六分力数据,采用前、后悬架动力学模型提取车身连接点载荷,分析了多种悬架模型方案及其仿真结果,并与试验结果进行了对比.本文方法能够提取车身连接点载荷,为低成本准确获取车身疲劳耐久分析输入载荷提供了参考.     

基于视觉干预的高速公路行车轨迹横向分布方法的研究

由车辆荷载在道路横断面的不均匀分布引起的高速公路路面局部破坏是影响路面寿命的主要原因之一。根据行车视觉环境与驾驶员行为之间的关系,利用视觉干预的理念,采用不同道路交通标线的组合使车辆行驶轨迹横向偏移,轮迹横向偏移后,路面横断面内受力趋于均匀,延长了路面寿命。研究成果为路面养护管理提供一种新方法。     

A numerical model of a HIL scaled roller rig for simulation of wheel–rail degraded adhesion condition

Scaled roller rigs used for railway applications play a fundamental role in the development of new technologies and new devices, combining the hardware in the loop (HIL) benefits with the reduction of the economic investments. The main problem of the scaled roller rig with respect to the full scale ones is the improved complexity due to the scaling factors. For this reason, before building the test rig, the development of a software model of the HIL system can be useful to analyse the system behaviour in different operative conditions. One has to consider the multi-body behaviour of the scaled roller rig, the controller and the model of the virtual vehicle, whose dynamics has to be reproduced on the rig. The main purpose of this work is the development of a complete model that satisfies the previous requirements and in particular the performance analysis of the controller and of the dynamical behaviour of the scaled roller rig when some disturbances are simulated with low adhesion conditions. Since the scaled roller rig will be used to simulate degraded adhesion conditions, accurate and realistic wheel–roller contact model also has to be included in the model. The contact model consists of two parts: the contact point detection and the adhesion model. The first part is based on a numerical method described in some previous studies for the wheel–rail case and modified to simulate the three-dimensional contact between revolute surfaces (wheel–roller). The second part consists in the evaluation of the contact forces by means of the Hertz theory for the normal problem and the Kalker theory for the tangential problem. Some numerical tests were performed, in particular low adhesion conditions were simulated, and bogie hunting and dynamical imbalance of the wheelsets were introduced. The tests were devoted to verify the robustness of control system with respect to some of the more frequent disturbances that may influence the roller rig dynamics. In particular we verified that the wheelset imbalance could significantly influence system performance, and to reduce the effect of this disturbance a multistate filter was designed.     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

厦深铁路榕江特大桥列车运行稳定性试验研究

厦深铁路榕江特大桥为孔跨布置（110＋2×220＋110）m的钢桁梁柔性拱桥，桥面系为正交异性钢桥面系、有砟轨道，采用剪力法测试货物列车在桥上、路基、钢轨伸缩器3种不同位置的轮轨力，对货物列车运行稳定性指标进行计算分析和评判，验证了该桥梁运营的安全性；分析货物列车运行稳定性指标与速度的关系，揭示了轮对横向力、列车脱轨系数和轮重减载率的最大值随着车速的提高而增大的现象；对相同速度下货物列车通过不同轨道基础的运行稳定性指标进行比较，提出应特别重视钢轨伸缩调节器位置轨道结构的日常管养的建议；结合联调联试测试结果，对比分析货物列车和动车通过各测试工点的稳定性，结果表明动车组运行稳定性优于货物列车；试验也验证了本文设计的轮轨力标定加力架设计合理、使用方便。     

装载机避障轨迹规划及模型预测轨迹跟踪

轮式装载机在工作区域行驶时，避障过程频繁，以往的避障轨迹规划未考虑整车转向半径约束和车速变化，也较少考虑整车在动力学模型条件下的轨迹跟踪性能。针对上述情况，以自动驾驶轮式装载机为对象，基于最优快速随机扩展树算法（RRT^*），考虑车身膨胀圆个数，生成全局最优避障路径，以整车最小稳定转向半径为约束，利用CC-Steer算法对避障路径进行平滑处理，采用路径-速度分解算法规划满足整车在加速、匀速和减速状态下的避障行驶轨迹。基于整车动力学模型，考虑行驶过程中的横向位置偏差和航向角偏差，并将整车动力传动系统视为1阶惯性环节，构建装载机动力学状态空间方程。以加速度和铰接角为控制输入，以车速、横向位置偏差和航向角偏差为控制输出，建立整车动力学预测模型，以加速度、铰接角和车速为约束条件，将目标函数转换为二次规划问题，建立满足装载机在工作区域避障的模型预测轨迹跟踪控制系统。以规划的非匀速行驶避障轨迹为目标，利用构建的模型预测轨迹跟踪系统，进行自动驾驶轮式装载机的轨迹跟踪仿真。研究结果表明：所提方法能够很好地控制自动驾驶轮式装载机从初始位姿驶向目标位姿，实现整车在工作区域的避障过程，且在避障过程中满足整车的约束要求，保证整车在轨迹跟踪过程中的安全稳定性能。