武汉二环线上跨铁路立交桥总体设计

武汉市二环线上跨铁路立交桥主桥采用(30+138+252+80)m高低塔钢箱梁斜拉桥,桥面宽达45m。考虑该桥上跨多股铁路轨道,桥址铁路建筑物复杂,为减小对既有线运营的影响以及满足施工场地空间等要求,该桥主桥采用转体法施工。主梁采用整幅钢箱梁,桥面按双向8车道设计,两侧预留人行道;桥塔采用独柱形混凝土桥塔,高、低塔桥面以上塔高分别为75m、40m;基础采用钻孔桩基础;采用42对斜拉索,斜拉索布置在内侧,梁上索距12m。结构计算结果表明:该桥式方案结构合理,造价经济。     

赵家沟大桥临时支架设计

新建浦东大道赵家沟大桥主桥为下承式系杆拱桥,采用先梁后拱的施工工艺,其中拱肋采用在桥面结构上搭设塔架施工的竖转提升工艺,纵、横梁及桥面板支撑采用混合支架。临时支架采用609钢管桩+贝雷梁+48小钢管组成的复合支架形式,承受桥道系结构施工时的荷载、预应力张拉引起的次效应以及竖转提升工艺所传递的荷载,受力较为复杂。采用精细化数值模拟技术对支架与结构在整个施工过程中的受力状态进行模拟,数值模拟结果及实践监测数据表明结构安全,支架的各部分构件受力满足要求,所设计的支撑柱改善了桥道系结构、贝雷梁以及钢管支架的受力状态。     

基于现场取样整体动稳定度的沥青面层结构组合优选

在某高速公路选取了不同车辙深度的多个横断面,在路肩处进行了全厚式沥青面层的取样,在三层式取样试件内部形成了沿厚度方向的温度梯度;开展轮辙试验测得了其整体动稳定度,分析了设计年限末路面车辙预估深度与实测整体动稳定度之间的关系;以15 mm车辙深度对应的整体动稳定度作为调研路段的结构抗车辙性能控制标准,开展了不同材料组合和厚度组合结构的轮辙试验,并以该整体动稳定度控制标准为依据进行了结构组合的优选。研究结果表明,通过分析现场车辙深度与对应沥青面层整体动稳定度之间的关系,确定沥青面层结构整体动稳定度的控制标准,此方法可以运用于类似道路的结构组合优选。     

旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

大跨径小半径曲线桥梁转体结构设计

以宁波市轨道交通4号线工程跨铁路桥为例,阐述了大跨径小半径曲线转体桥转体结构的设计要点和应对此类桥梁上部结构恒载横向偏心的处理方法.通过Midas软件建模,计算分析了转体结构悬浇阶段的抗倾覆稳定性随悬浇节段的变化规律,并对转体阶段的结构稳定性计算进行了探讨.     

On the effect of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track

The effect of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track is studied based on vehicle–track dynamic interaction theory, using a model of the track as a Timoshenko beam supported on a periodic elastic foundation. Considering the vehicle's running speed and the number of unsupported sleepers, the track dynamic characteristics are investigated and verified in the time and frequency domains by experiments on a 1:5 scale model wheel–rail test rig. The results show that when hanging sleepers are present, leading to a discontinuous and irregular track support, additional wheel–rail interaction forces are generated. These forces increase as further sleepers become unsupported and as the vehicle's running speed increases. The adjacent supports experience increased dynamic forces which will lead to further deterioration of track quality and the formation of long wavelength track irregularities, which worsen the vehicles’ running stability and riding comfort. Stationary transfer functions measurements of the dynamic behaviour of the track are also presented to support the findings.     

Parametric study of wheel transitions at railway crossings

Vehicle–track interaction at railway crossings is complex due to the discontinuity of the crossings. In this study, the effect of the local crossing geometry, the track alignment, and the wheel profiles on the wheel transition behaviour is investigated using the multi-body system software package VI-Rail. The transition behaviour is evaluated based on the location of the transition point along the crossing (and the location of impact), the contact pressure and the energy dissipation during the wheel–rail contact. A detailed parametric study of the crossing geometry has been performed, through which the most effective parameters for defining the crossing geometry are identified. These parameters are the cross-sectional shape of the nose rail, which can be tuned by one variable, and the vertical distance between the top of the wing rail and the nose rail. Additionally, a parametric study on the interaction influence of the crossing geometry, the track alignment and the wheel profile is performed using the design of experiments method with a two-level full factorial design. The longitudinal height profile of the crossing and the wheel profile are the most significant factors.     

Dynamic simulation of railway vehicles: wheel/rail contact analysis

The multibody simulation of railway vehicle dynamics needs a reliable and efficient method to evaluate the contact points between wheel and rail, because their positions have a considerable influence on the direction and intensity of the contact forces. In this work, an innovative semi-analytic procedure for the detection of the wheel/rail contact points (named the DIFF method) is presented. This method considers the wheel and the rail as two surfaces whose analytic expressions are known and is based on the idea that in the contact points the difference between the surfaces has local minima and is equivalent to solving an algebraic two-dimensional system. The original problem can be reduced analytically to a simple scalar equation that can be easily solved numerically (since the problem dimension is one, even elementary non-iterative algorithms can be efficient).     

发动机瞬时角速度波动分析

发动机在一定稳定工况下运转，瞬时转速会呈现一定的波动现象。本文介绍一种以发动机瞬时角速度的实时检测为基础，在一个工作循环内按着火顺序将做功冲程中瞬时角速度波动作为评价依据的判定发动机工作状况的方法。     

基于平行四边形机构实现机车车轮踏面擦伤信号的检测判定

简述了检测车轮踏面擦伤状态的重要性、擦伤定义及标准,介绍了平行四边形机构检测系统的检测原理,并通过试验和相关数据处理得到擦伤车轮检测结果,最后用MATLAB编写算法实现擦伤信号的判定且进行了算法的误差分析.