新型智能轨道电路的研究与开发

介绍一种采用新颖的车轮检测技术以计算车辆轮对为基本原理的智能型轨道电路,该轨道电路具备判别列车方向和速度的功能,并适用于各种调车作业方式和非正常调车作业模式,对股道存车数精确到轮对,为货运管理自动化提供准确、可靠的基础条件与数据资源,真正意义上实现了轨道电路智能化的目标。     

独立旋转车轮及其在低地板城轨车辆上的应用

文章阐述了独立旋转车轮的发展及其现状,对其导向机理进行了分析,并以近年来国外最新开发的低地板城轨车辆为例,介绍了独立旋转车轮在现代低地板城轨车辆上的应用,通过与采用传统轮对转向架实现低地板化设计的城轨车辆对比,论述了低地板城轨车辆的发展趋势,并对低地板城轨车辆在我国的运用前景进行了展望。     

抗侧滚扭杆装置建模方式对车辆动力学性能的影响

详细推导了抗侧滚扭杆装置对车体的作用机理,采用一个集中点力元代替整套扭杆装置建模。仿真计算结果表明,误差在允许的范围内,简化建模完全可以取代完整建模,不会对车辆动力学计算的各项指标造成影响。     

印度新德里古尔冈地铁车辆车轮踏面选择分析

文章介绍了国内外不同踏面形状与不同轨底坡钢轨的几何匹配特性,并给出了印度新德里古尔冈项目1∶20的轨底坡相匹配的建议踏面形状,为地铁车辆在国外线路运营提供参考。     

An inverse design method for rail grinding profiles

Inspired by the optimisation design method for restoration of worn wheel profiles, an inverse design method based on optimal rail grinding profiles is presented in this paper. To improve grinding quality, vehicle dynamic performance is chosen as the main criteria and rolling radii difference function is selected as the key factor (also main target function) determining dynamic performance. Grinding material to be removed is chosen as the auxiliary target aimed at extending rail service life. Besides that, wheel–rail contact distribution is also taken into consideration as an auxiliary target preventing stress concentration and fatigue growth. By introducing certain presuppositions, all the design targets will form an inverse design problem. This problem can be solved using hybrid discrete numerical methods. Considering different grinding requirements, two examples of grinding profile design for straight and curved track will be discussed. Results show that the presented method is efficient and effective. Practical implementation has been carried out at several grinding sites in China.     

利用力矩电机全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩

在汽车动态模拟系统中，转向盘反力矩的仿真逼真度影响实验驾驶员的操纵行为，从而影响驾驶模拟实验的准确性。本文系统地阐述了利用力矩电机进行全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩的原理、力矩电机的工况分析及稳态误差分析等，为全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩提供了一种新方法。     

Nonlinearity-induced time-varying harmonic dynamic axle load and its impact on dynamic stability of car–trailer combinations

A nonlinearity-induced time-varying harmonic dynamic axle load is found in the road test of a car–trailer combination. To understand its influence on system dynamic stability, a corresponding linear single-track model (STM) is proposed. System dynamic stability is described and sensitivity analysis for the system parameters is achieved. The contribution of the harmonic force is quantified by a derived effective axle load. Because the harmonic effect might be time varying in practice, a time–frequency analysis-based parameter identification method is introduced. Experimental study shows that a time-varying harmonic effect really exists. A yaw-rate-based simulation method is designed to simulate this behaviour. The sensitivity analysis of the influence of the harmonic amplitude or phase on dynamic stability is performed with a simulation study. With appropriate modification of the harmonic amplitude and phase shift applied in selected time windows, the time-varying system characteristics in the road test can be simulated very well.     

驻信高速公路沥青路面车辙成因分析与处治

该文分析了沥青路面产生车辙的主要原因是由于社会车辆严重超载、自然环境的温度与湿度影响,以及长大纵坡、设计配合比选用、原材料选用、施工工艺控制不严等因素引起的,并通过对河南驻信高速公路工程实例的深入分析,提出了处治沥青路面车辙的方法。     

制动工况下汽车转向系统敏感度分析方法

为了解制动工况下转向系统敏感度对前轮摆振的影响程度,将车轮、前轴与钢板弹簧作为一个整体进行考虑,分析了钢板弹簧和转向系统的空间状态变化情况,提出了前轮摆动角的计算方法,以转向系统空间状态引起的前轮摆动角为指标评价转向系统敏感度。计算结果表明:在空载状态下,当制动力达到35kN时,前轮摆动角最大值为0·5°。可见,此车转向系统敏感度较低,评价结果符合实际,因此,计算方法可行。     

高速动力车轴应力谱分析及疲劳寿命可靠性预测

结合车辆系统在随机轨道谱激励下的动力响应与疲劳强度理论,以"中华之星"高速动力车轴为例,建立了动车系统的非线性动力学模型,仿真车辆在典型线路上的运行特性,获取作用于轮轴上的随机载荷谱。引入车轴材料的非线性本构关系,进行轮轴的有限元分析,得到车轴关键部位的应力时间历程,对其进行统计分析后得到各危险点的应力谱。在此基础上,运用局部应力应变法和累积损伤理论进行了车轴疲劳寿命估算和可靠性分析,得到不同可靠度下的疲劳寿命。当可靠度为0.9时,其疲劳寿命为16年。