三维“大场景”遥感技术在西康高铁地质勘察中的应用

包家山越岭段地形地质条件复杂、岩石软硬不均、不良地质和断裂构造发育,为西康高铁地质选线带来较大的困难。为提高勘察效率和质量,根据区域地质资料、三维大场景遥感影像特征及野外调查,建立工作区地质构造解译标志,对其地质构造、地层岩性及不良地质体进行遥感判释。综合三维大场景立体遥感技术和野外调查手段,建立岩类基本的遥感影像解译标志,以便对岩性进行综合判释;调查验证测区的地质构造及不良地质体的分布状态及规模,分析滑坡等不良地质现象的分布、规模及其特征。取得了较高精度的遥感地质解译信息,判释准确率较高,为铁路选线方案提供重要依据。     

动车运用所室外综合管线BIM正向设计方法研究

动车运用所室外综合管线是指所内室外各个专业的管沟、管槽、管线、管廊等,其数量种类多、交叉点数量庞大、多专业设计内容又互为边界条件,综合管线设计一直是动车所工程的重难点。传统二维施工图设计具有局限性,协调难度大,容易造成施工阶段管线安装工序不当,进而引发安装空间不足或管线冲突等问题。提出基于BIM的三维正向设计方法,通过研究协同设计、重要基准导入、三维管线综合排布方法、复杂交叉点优化方法、管线碰撞检查和调整方法等,立体直观地展现综合管线的空间排布位置,同时优化三维模型转二维施工图出图方法,合理规划出图内容,确保图纸表达完整,减少设计出错率,指导施工,减少返工和浪费人力物力等现象,为后续复杂段所室外综合管线正向设计提供借鉴。     

Customers’ selections between premium electric taxis and liquefied petroleum gas taxis

Reducing roadside emissions is a common challenge in metropolitan cities. In Hong Kong, conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis are one of the main contributors to roadside emissions as they operate on the streets 24 h a day with a long daily driving mileage. Moreover, these taxis suffer from a severely poor service reputation. To enhance the environmental friendliness and service quality of the taxi industry, this study explores the market potential of operating premium electric taxis in the dispatching mode. A stated preference survey was conducted to 1410 taxi customers about their taxi-riding choices between premium electric taxis and conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis. In total, 5640 observations were obtained and used to develop a series of binary logistic regression models with different model formulations for the determination of the significant factors influencing customers’ selections. The findings indicate that walk time to and wait time for taxis were the most critical concerns to the customers, and they were more willing to take premium taxis if their journey distance was longer and their desired improvement on taxi service quality was greater. The socio-demographic status of taxi customers also influences their choices. The associated policy implications are discussed for promoting taxis with better service quality and fewer roadside emissions. The findings provide some policy insights to other international cities that have a similar taxi market to Hong Kong.     

Exploration of day-to-day route choice models by a virtual experiment

This paper examines existing day-to-day models based on a virtual day-to-day route choice experiment using the latest mobile Internet technologies. With the realized day-to-day path flows and path travel times in the experiment, we calibrate several well-designed path-based day-to-day models that take the Wardrop’s user equilibrium as (part of) their stationary states. The nonlinear effects of path flows and path time differences on path switching are then investigated. Participants’ path preferences, time-varying sensitivity, and learning behavior in the day-to-day process are also examined. The prediction power of various models with various settings (nonlinear effects, time-varying sensitivity, and learning) is compared. The assumption of “rational behavior adjustment process” in Yang and Zhang (2009) is further verified. Finally, evolutions of different Lyapunov functions used in the literature are plotted, and no obvious diversity is observed.     

肯尼亚蒙内铁路EMALI制枕场总体规划设计研究

基于肯尼亚新建蒙巴萨至内罗毕标轨铁路Emali制枕场生产项目,探讨建设科学合理、物流顺畅、经济高效的现代化轨枕预制工厂。从制枕场生产参数确定、生产工艺选择、工艺方案布置、流水节拍设计以及设备配置等方面进行详细研究,优化工艺流程和设备配置方案。为了轨枕生产中各工序衔接顺畅,生产厂房按照车间跨度的划分进行工艺布置和流水节拍控制,避免各台位之间相互干扰,有效提升轨枕生产效率。实现轨枕厂建设规模化、标准化、规范化的目标,也为海外标轨铁路项目的制枕场规划设计提供参考。     

面向船舶分段建造的智能胎架布置坐标快速确定方法

针对胎架布置过程中耗时耗力,浪费大量物资的问题,提出一种面向船舶分段建造的智能胎架布置坐标快速确定方法。首先,构建船体分段面密度模型,并求解其质心;然后,在胎架轨道和最大支撑载荷的约束条件下,确定胎架最优平面点位坐标;其次,通过拟合船体分段外板的曲面模型,以平面点位坐标及胎架活络头接触角度为条件,确定胎架与外板的接触点;最后,通过坐标换算方法,获取各胎架定位高度,确定胎架布置坐标。 本文选用某典型分段为对象,详细阐述确定胎架布置坐标的确定过程 ,实验结果表明该方法能够减少胎架数量、缩短布置时间。     

大源渡二线船闸总体布置方案

为解决丘陵地区复杂地形条件下既有枢纽建筑对扩建二线船闸的制约影响,从理论上分析设计条件,并通过物理模型验证,提出适合弯曲河段的船闸总体布置方案和保障通航能力的技术措施。该船闸总体布置方案和相关技术措施可为湘江流域后续二线船闸建设提供借鉴。     

合力打造铁路给水排水行业快速发展的新局面

根据铁路跨越式发展对给水排水行业带来的新课题 ,提出了给水排水行业快速发展的总体思路和主要内涵 ,说明了行业加速实现装备现代化的建设要求 ,分析了生产布局调整的意义和前景。号召大家齐心协力 ,奋发进取     

黔桂线改扩建工程几处典型的地质选线

研究目的:黔桂铁路改扩建工程地处西南山区,穿越贵州、广西两省区,沿线地形地质十分复杂,线路方案选择往往受到地质条件的严重制约,因此,在该线改扩建工程初测阶段大力开展区域地质选线工作对节约工程投资、减少地质灾害和工程病害、消除运营隐患是很有必要的。研究方法:在充分收集区域地质资料基础上,通过地质调绘、钻探、静力触探等综合勘探方法,查明选线段重大工程地质问题,从地质角度确定线路方案。研究结果:通过不同方案地质条件必选,最终确定了地质条件好的线路方案。研究结论:西南山区地形地质复杂,线路方案比选中应充分研究沿线地质条件,绕避复杂、严重地质不良地段。本文系统介绍了黔桂线改扩建工程初测阶段几处典型的、成功的地质选线,概括性地总结了地质选线应绕避的重大地质问题,其选线思路、比选条件及评价意见等可作为其它山区铁路勘察设计参考和借鉴。     

地铁隧道联络通道薄弱环节冻结孔布孔方式

地铁隧道联络通道冻结施工的最薄弱环节为隧道开挖对侧顶部区域的冻结。目前,该区域的冻结存在单排长孔冻结和长孔加短排加强孔冻结两种布孔方式。通过对杭州、上海的3个不同布孔方式的地铁联络通道工程现场温度数据的收集,冻结、开挖期间冻结效果的观测,以及钻孔施工情况的分析与对比,发现采用短排加强孔的冻结效果有明显的提升,但是过度密集的布孔可能会造成断管问题的出现。