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基于遗传算法的车辆路径优化问题，虽然已经被提出过多种思想方法，但仍有较大的改进余地．而且具体的车辆路径优化问题，往往在时间和路程两方面都有限制和要求，而在这方面的研究相对较少．针对这种问题，在传统遗传计算基础上，加入了时间约束算法，对算法的实时实现作出保证；同时根据客户点的位置改进初始群，提高了变异率，减少低效计算，极大提高了寻优速度，为多计算点的遗传操作提供有力的支持．计算机仿真实现的结果和物流公司的实际运作都证明了算法的有效性．     

库存路径问题的固定分区-整数比周期组合策略研究

针对供应商-物流中心-零售商组成的三层级系统的库存路径问题研究一种组合策略。各零售商对单品种货物的需求率固定,相互独立;物流中心从供应商批量进货,然后配送给零售商,不许缺货或延迟;目标是最小化系统库存及运输总成本。整合固定分区、整数比周期设计一种组合策略,构建了三层级系统的IRP数学模型,将三层级库存路径问题分解为两个子问题,借鉴车辆路径问题求解思路设计了启发式算法;试验结果表明,新策略的求解效率更好。     

The effectiveness of differential pricing on route choice

The use of differential pricing as a means of traffic management has been advocated by specialists in the field of transport for quite some time. Because of technical and political reasons, a full-scale pricing scheme for the use of road space has yet to be introduced. Applying the principle to a highly automatic rail system, however, is technologically much more feasible. The Mass Transit Railway Corporation of Hong Kong has implemented a so-called revenue neutral peal pricing policy after the completion of a second cross-harbour route- the East Harbour Crossing — in May, 1990. Passengers travelling from Kowloon to the central business district (including Jordon and Tsim Sha Tsui on the Kowloon side and stations from Sheung Wan to Causeway Bay on the Island side) during the morning peak hour are confronted with the following choice: either (i) make use of the Nathan Road Corridor and pay 80 cents on top of normal face; or (ii) take the less congested but in general longer route via the East Harbour Crossing and get a 80 cents discount. The present paper attempts to analyse the effectiveness of this differential pricing policy in diverting passengers from the overcrowded section to the less heavily utilized route. A personal interview survey comprising a total of 1094 successful cases was conducted for this purpose. The logit regression model was employed to analyse the route choice. It is found that income, habit and journey time are the most important variables determining the route choice. The effect of cost or fare difference, although large in terms of magnitude, is only marginally significant in the statistical sense. It is suggested that efforts to change the passengers' habit and measures to shorten the train transfer time at the Quarry Bay Station for the East harbour Crossing users would be more effective in achieving this end. This is especially the case given the current political development in Hong King which renders further enlargement of the price difference a highly difficult proposition.     

Model development for metro station access mode choice

This paper analyses the behaviour of metro users in choosing their access mode to a metro station. Multinominal logit models with satisfactory predictive power were developed for access mode choice on the basis of data collected by interviewing metro users at existing metro stations. A population segmentation approach was adopted and models referring to individuals having the same set of alternative access modes were developed. Trip purpose was found to have significant effects on the access mode choice. Thus, for each population segment different models are proposed for work and education and other trip purpose. Various conclusions concerning the importance of the variables included in the proposed models were drawn through comparisons carried out across the models.     

机车长交路引起机车信号设备变化及LKJ数据修改的思考

全路实施机车长交路运行后,因各局机车信号地面设备、信息的差异,提出解决机车信号使用存在问题的建议,进一步对机车长交路LKJ数据修改引起的问题进行分析,给出解决方案。     

基于LC-HB模型的铁路货运客户选择偏好差异性与市场细分方法

铁路货运客户自身的选择偏好直接影响对运输服务的选择,进而影响到不同货运服务的市场占有率,而选择偏好性受显性变量和隐性变量的影响。基于随机效用模型,分析铁路货运客户的运输服务选择模式,引入潜类模型,将客户选择偏好纳入先验概率和后验概率模型,并根据客户对服务属性的选择偏好差异性,建立铁路货运市场细分模型。同时,使用叙述性偏好实验,构建铁路货运服务效用模型,通过模拟服务选择过程,获取客户对不同货运服务的选择偏好数据。通过分层贝叶斯与潜类模型,对用户选择效用值和市场细分值进行迭代运算,得到实验样本选择偏好差异性的多元分布函数,及每个市场细分的客户规模、隶属度函数、对服务属性和服务层次的效用值。数据分析表明,客户选择偏好存在明显差异性,同时,解释并验证内生性市场细分方法能够对不同客户群体的隐性变量进行刻画,进而从铁路货运客户选择行为角度划分货运市场。     

大中城市轻轨适用性探讨

通过轻轨与地铁、有轨电车、市域快轨的分析比较,进一步界定与"国办81号文"中轻轨概念相匹配的轻轨范畴。结合新的城市规模划分标准以及我国目前城市轨道交通批复建设情况,提出在优先发展公共交通的背景下,运量适中、造价较低的轻轨将是大、中城市轨道交通的选择,并分析目前轻轨推广存在的障碍以及轻轨技术的发展方向。     

GSM-R网络路测与优化分析系统在客运专线的发展与应用简

主要从GS M-R网络路测与优化分析系统开发背景、发展情况、系统主要功能及系统在客专实际应用中起到的重要作用等方面阐述GSM-R网络路测与优化分析系统在客运专线中的发展过程及应用.     

基于多商品流模型的铁路网车流分配和径路优化模型

针对既有点-弧模型和弧-路模型的局限性做2点改进.第1点是定义1个0-1决策变最,使优化结果体现车流的径路;第2点是区分大股车流和小股车流,使优化结果符合实际车流组织的特点.基于多商品流模型,结合铁路运输组织的车流不拆散原则,对大股车流、线路能力和车站能力进行约束,构建铁路网车流分配和径路优化改进模制,采用Lingo 8.0软件求解.以简化的东北地区局部路网为例,采用模拟OD车流,按照本文构建的模型进行铁路网车流分配及径路优化.结果表明:采用该模型能够得出较理想的车流分配和径路方案,验证了模型的合理性与有效性.     

合理保护知识产权是中国的必然选择

本文回顾了持续20多年的中美知识产权争端对中国知识产权法律制度建立和发展的历史影响，介绍了在国内知识产权论战中中国知识产权学者的合理保护知识产权思想的形成过程，论述了合理保护知识产权是中国实施知识产权法律制度的必然选择。