Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

六宜路底面层沥青混合料组成优化设计分析

底面层是沥青路面结构层中承上启下的重要层位,文章结合六宜路沥青路面施工实例,以骨架密实型为目标对底面层沥青混合料配合比进行了优化设计分析,并通过室内试验与施工质量检测,验证了生产配合比优化后的沥青混合料的路用性能与施工质量。     

基于正装迭代法的斜拉桥二次调索计算方法研究

索力计算是斜拉桥二次调索的关键技术环节。文章以一座采用二次调索施工的斜拉桥为例,介绍了运用结合影响矩阵的正装迭代法计算斜拉桥二次调索施工索力的方法,并通过施工过程仿真分析,验证了该方法计算结果精确,能有效控制斜拉桥施工过程的内力与线形,确保设计成桥状态得以实现。     

Optimization of transport investment and pricing policies: the role of transport pricing in network design

This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies.     

道路运输行业安全监管现状分析及对策研究

结合道路运输行业安全监管现状,从道路运输行业安全监管职责和内容、监管方式、安全检查方面对道路运输行业安全监管存在的问题进行分析,并有针对性的提出了相应的建议和对策。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

Real-time automatic rescheduling strategy for an urban rail line by integrating the information of fault handling

In the operation of urban rails, faults are inevitable, which leads to deviation between the actual timetable and the planned timetable. In nowadays, timetable rescheduling strategies rarely integrate the information of fault handling. In this paper, we develop a real-time automatic rescheduling strategy, which integrates the dynamic information of fault handling. The rescheduled timetable is obtained by a mathematical optimization model, the constraints set of which is automatically generated and adjusted as more information of fault handling is feedback. Compared with the experience-based rescheduling methods, the automatic rescheduling strategy reacts more quickly, and uses the information of fault handling more efficiently. A simulation system for testing the automatic rescheduling strategy is built, which uses the data of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line. Via testing on the simulation system, the effectiveness and efficiency of the automatic rescheduling strategy are validated.     

模糊综合评价在多学科优化设计变量选择中的应用

以灵敏度分析理论为基础,将模糊数学综合评判理论应用于多学科优化设计变量的选择与评价。以某集装箱船为例,在建立了包含静力学、模态分析和动力学的多学科优化时设计变量选择的模糊评判数学模型之后,综合考虑了应力、位移、固有频率、速度和加速度等参数对设计变量的影响。分析表明,该方法简便易行、结果可靠。     

移动电站维修常见技术问题分析

通过对移动电站维修中存在的技术问题深入分析,指出了问题的成因、导致的后果,并逐一提出了解决问题的方法和避免问题的注意事项等。     

MEAN SHIFT尺寸链在某车型尾灯优化中的应用

尾灯板的结构形式直接影响尾灯匹配,为了减少尾灯定位孔尺寸链,文章提出了一种考虑MEANSHIFT的尺寸链分析方法,在设计前期对尾灯板结构进行优化。以某车型尾灯板结构优化为例,通过尾灯安装定位孔位置分析出该设计存在的风险,针对风险,提出调整定位孔位置的解决办法,使新结构尾灯孔偏差低于原结构,通过现场验证,证明该方法可行。