全站仪在拱圈线形测量中的新方法

拱圈线形测量具有较强的工程意义,采用全站仪测量拱圈线形的传统方法能满足大多数情况下的需求,但是当拱桥两侧遮挡物较多时采用传统的方法效率较低,而采用全站仪测量拱圈线形的新方法来解决遮挡物较多的问题,经实践证明是可行的。     

双折线式卷筒多层卷绕中钢丝绳磨损损伤分析

针对多层卷绕中钢丝绳磨损严重的问题,对双折线式卷筒各区域钢丝绳卷绕过程中的受力情况和磨损损伤情况进行了详细的分析.分析结果认为,在双折线式多层卷绕过程中,钢丝绳的受力情况及绳圈间相互摩擦运动引起的磨损与钢丝绳在卷筒上的卷绕位置密切相关,磨损最严重的绳段位于卷筒每层最后一圈被后续换层爬升绳段所挤压的折线绳段区域.     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

基于驾驶人特性的双车道跟驰模型稳定性分析

为了研究交通拥堵问题，了解交通拥挤形成的过程及驾驶员自身特性对双车道交通流稳定性的影响.本文基于复杂网络聚类同步理论，对一类基于驾驶员特性的双车道跟驰模型的稳定性进行研究. 通过设计适当的控制器使得基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型趋于稳定，并得到了模型稳定性的条件.此外，在双车道上的车辆受到随机外部扰动的情形下，利用具有外部扰动的复杂网络自适应H∞ 聚类同步理论，研究了外部扰动情形下基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型的稳定性.最后，采用MATLAB仿真技术进行数值模拟，验证所设计控制器对双车道交通流稳定性的影响及不同的驾驶员性格特性对交通流运行的影响.     

An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (LIFTS)

Intermodal rail/road freight transport has always been considered as a competitive alternative to its road freight counterpart in the European medium- to long-distance corridors (markets). Such consideration has been based on the increasing competitiveness of some innovative rail services and the existing and prospective performance of both modes in terms of the full social – internal or operational and external – costs. The most recent innovation of rail technologies and related services launched by some European railway companies, still at the conceptual level, is the Long Intermodal Freight Train (LIFT). This is supposed to be a block train operating in long-distance corridors (markets) with a substantial and regular freight demand.This paper develops analytical models for assessing the performance of the LIFTs, the already-operating Conventional Intermodal Freight Trains (CIFTs), and their road counterpart as well. The performance consists of the full – internal (private) and external – costs of the door-to-door delivery of loading units – containers, swap-bodies, and semi-trailers. The internal costs embrace the operational costs of the transport (rail and road) and intermodal terminal operators. The external costs include the costs of the impacts of door-to-door delivery of loading units on society and the environment. These negative externalities include noise, air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.The models are applied to a simplified version of intermodal and road transport system using inputs from the European freight transport sector. The aims are to compare the full costs of particular modalities in order to investigate the potential of the LIFTs as compared with the CIFTs in improving the internal efficiency of the rail freight sector and its competitiveness with respect to its road counterpart. In addition, the paper attempts to assess some effects on the potential modal shift of EU (European Union) transport policies on internalizing transport externalities.     

安导元整距变极法

介绍以“安导元”为基础的变极电机设计方法。用这种方法设计的变极电机线圈，无论变极前后都等效于整距线圈。首先叙述“安导元”整距变极的原理，然后给出了设计方法，并以8／2变极为例说明之。     

基于静摩擦施力方法的纤维缠绕张力自动控制器研究

介绍了一种先进的纤维张力微机控制系统,该系统能实现缠绕过程中纤维张力的高精度自动控制.通过静摩擦力间接施力方式按照设定张力变化曲线施加和调整缠绕过程的张力,实现了对纤维低磨损下的大张力高精度控制.实际应用证明,该系统稳定可靠,控制性能良好,综合控制精度为±3%,最大可控张力达到纤维强度55%,在高性能民用、军用及航空航天等纤维缠绕制品生产领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于CPLD的0.01s计时器设计

本设计提出了一种基于CPLD的0.01S计时器的设计方案。应用高速集成电路以硬件描述语言VHDL语言描述,采用Altera公司的可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)EPM7064SL84实现的现代智能计时仪表,为广大用户提供了方便。系统具有可靠性高,便于功能扩展,成本低,易普及等优点。     

五相异步电机矢量控制技术研究

本文建立了五相方波绕组异步电机在静止abcde坐标系和旋转dqz1z2z3坐标系下的数学模型,对样机的实验结果证明了该控制策略是可实现、高性能的,为今后研究五相方波绕组异步电机非正弦供电控制策略奠定了基础.     

Modeling children’s school travel mode and parental escort decisions

Understanding of the activity-travel patterns of children is becoming increasingly important to various policy makers. Further, there is also a growing recognition that intra-household interactions need to be explicitly accommodated in travel models for realistic forecasts and policy evaluation. In the light of these issues, this paper contributes towards an overall understanding of the school-travel behavior of children and the related interdependencies among the travel patterns of parents and children. An econometric model is formulated to simultaneously determine the choice of mode and the escorting person for children’s travel to and from school. The 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data are used in the model estimation process. Empirical results indicate that the characteristics of child like age, gender, and ethnicity, and employment and work flexibility characteristics of the parents have strong impacts on the mode choice decisions. In addition, the impacts of some of these attributes on the choice of mode to school are different from the corresponding impacts on the choice of mode from school. The distance between home and school is found to strongly and negatively impact the choice of walking to and from school, with the impact being stronger for walking to school. Several land-use and built-environment variables were explored, but were found not to be statistically significant predictors.