基于实例的船舶靠泊操纵技术探讨

船舶靠泊码头操作是驾驶员经常性经历的工作之一,也是操船中事故发生率较高的一项操作.以3个码头靠泊时的体会出发,从制定靠泊计划、了解码头情况、熟知本船性能和控制余速4个方面,进一步总结船舶靠泊码头应注意的事项.     

Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship

Urban mobility is one of the main concerns of the public authorities in developed countries. In France, household travel surveys are conducted every ten years in major cities to gather weekday mobility data. They enable decision-makers to better understand travel patterns, their change and their determinants, in order to adapt transport infrastructures to the population′s needs. While the automobile has allowed the level of mobility to increase since 1950, an unexpected finding has emerged from recent surveys in most developed countries, namely that there has been a marked decline in car use. Analyses show that this trend is mainly because young adults (18–34 years old) are less likely to acquire a driver′s license. This paper tries to better understand the decrease in the rate of driver′s license holding among young adults in the Lyon conurbation and to quantify the impact of the main explanatory factors in a temporal perspective. It also aims to analyze the consequences of this trend on private car use as a driver for daily trips. It quantifies the influence of economic, socio-demographic and spatial factors on driver ′ s license holding and car use by considering the responses to the last three household travels surveys conducted in the Lyon conurbation area (1995, 2006 and 2015). The temporal dimension allows us to highlight a change in the relationship between young adults and the private car in the French context.     

Structural relationships among shipper’s perception,value, and choice intention of Korea–China train ferry service

ABSTRACT

The logistics environment between China and Korea has been changing rapidly in line with the ‘Go West’ policy of international trade and logistics area. The policy includes the BRI, Western Development Strategy, and Korea–China FTA. Against this background, the Korea–China train ferry (KCTF) is being newly illuminated as an alternative mode to cope with the logistics environment between Korea and China. One of the key success factors of the KCTF depends on, among others, shippers’ perception, which will affect the choice and the successful operation of the KCTF. From this perspective, this paper develops seven hypotheses based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We test these hypotheses using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the structural relationship between shippers’ behavioral beliefs influencing the perceived usefulness, the attitude toward and intention to choose the KCTF. The test results confirm that among the behavioral beliefs, transport accessibility in association with an efficient network of inland roads and railway networks is an important prerequisite. In addition, we verified a high statistical significance in the structural relationships among perceived usefulness, the attitude toward and the intention to choose the KCTF.     

基于渐进均匀化方法的土工格室材料设计与应用

土工格室加筋层设计应考虑其各向异性的力学性能,利用试验方法测得所有各向异性常数较为困难。通过对土工格室加筋层代表体积单元进行多尺度分析和加筋路堤实体建模仿真,得到所需参数。计算结果表明:采用渐进均匀化方法能够计算三维土工格室加筋层的等效弹性常数,并推导出杨氏模量、泊松比和剪切模量;土工格室的铺设方式对加筋层水平方向的杨氏模量、泊松比和剪切模量有显著影响;加筋层水平方向的泊松比分量为负值,表明加筋层在该平面内有负泊松比特性;土工格室在路基中采用45°铺设方式比采用0°铺设方式可减少路基水平方向的变形值,但对竖向沉降几乎没有影响。     

轨道车辆司机操纵台人机界面布局优化模型与算法

针对轨道车辆司机操纵台布局优化设计问题,引入CSP约束满足技术将工效学布局原则规范化,利用RULA姿势负荷评价方法将司机驾驶作业动作因素定量化,提出了一种基于人因素和几何位置匹配因素的操纵台布局优化设计模型。然后利用粒子群优化算法对数学模型进行优化计算,其中借助模糊数学中的隶属度来描述约束条件,设计了一种适用于操纵台布局总匹配度评价的适应度函数。最后针对有22个操控器件、2个显示屏和4个指示灯的轨道车辆司机操纵台布局问题提出了初步的解决方案,证明了该方法的有效性。     

采用GPON技术优化铁通网络

在铁通已有互联网的基础上,如何立足移动及自身资源,利用GPON的优势来建设铁通互联网,发挥GPON光纤接入的优势,提升网速,改善用户互联网感受,提升铁通互联网竞争力。     

一车多件货物装载布局优化模型与算法

以三维多层货物装载布局问题为研究对象,结合货物运输安全特征,综合考虑装载货物合重心、总重量、总体积、车辆边界及货物之间不干涉等约束因子,以最大化承载车辆标记载重量和有效容积综合利用率为优化目标,建立一车多件货物装载布局优化模型。为保证货物布局的平整性和平衡性,提出基于人工装载经验的s中心骨架、带已布物群约束的布局、形状相似的概念,采用空间合并、融合、小块预留技术,在构造待布空间的匹配货物集、中心骨架及其移动策略的基础上设计一车多件货物装载布局优化算法。实例表明:所提出的模型和算法能快速制定合理的三维多层货物装载布局方案,有效运用承载车辆,满足货物运输安全的要求。     

可悬挂双人座椅的侧墙设计及有限元分析

文章在分析现有地铁车辆侧墙结构的基础上,对下部侧墙结构进行优化设计,并采用Hypermesh、Ansys等软件进行有限元分析验证,设计出一种适用于双人座椅悬挂的新侧墙结构。计算结果表明,优化后的侧墙结构符合车体设计相关标准,在相同工况下,较原结构有更好的强度和刚度。     

机车司机警惕控制技术探索

机务部门推行机车长交路、单司机操纵改革后,监控司机在值乘过程中可能出现的打盹及意外伤病等引发的丧失控车能力的情况,已经成为铁路安全管理的重要课题。文章概述了部分引进机车的"机车司机警惕控制功能,"并提出了上海铁路局对机车司机警惕控制功能的探索方案。     

船舶撞击高架拦阻系统后的位移计算及与试验结果的比较

为了求解船舶撞击高架拦阻系统后的位移,文章以能量守恒定律为基本原理,即重力锚做功与船舶阻力做功之和近似等于船舶初动能,通过编写迭代计算程序,对船舶撞击高架拦阻系统后的运动情况进行了研究。并将理论计算结果与试验数据进行了比较分析。结果表明：船舶撞击高架拦阻系统后位移的理论计算值与实测值间的误差在正负30%以内;船舶正碰撞拦阻系统跨中位置时,位移最大,且位移随着拦阻系统跨度的增大而增大。该理论计算方法及相关结论可以为高架拦阻系统的设计提供重要参考。