飞机起飞和着陆所需滑跑距离计算方法中参数值的试验分析

目前,计算飞机滑行距离的理论公式需要许多参数值,这些参数值通常采用线性内插法和随机取样法得到,但综合修正系数（IMC）却要基于飞机的滑跑长度列线图。由于公式中的IMC取决于试验数据,用激光测距仪和经纬仪对飞机的滑跑距离进行了220次测试。试验分析结果表明:飞机起飞时的IMC介于1.000～1.099之间,而着陆时的IMC介于1.468～1.699之间。由此可见,飞机着陆滑跑长度的离散性较起飞时大。     

路桥钢筋抽检与连接技术探讨

钢筋抽检与连接技术是钢筋工程施工中的关键技术之一,为了有效保证钢结构的质量可以达到施工规范的标准,必须对铜筋的定位、连接、锚固剂下料等进行全面评价,并采取有效的控制措施。通过工程实例探讨了路桥钢筋抽检与钢筋机械连接技术．并对钢筋施工的注意事项进行了分析,以保证钢筋工程的顺利实施。     

Biological Status Assessment of Coral Reefs in Southern Puerto Rico: Supporting Coral Reef Protection Under the U.S. Clean Water Act

Abstract

States and other jurisdictions may protect coral reefs using biological water quality standards outlined by the United States Clean Water Act (CWA). Such protection will require long-term, regional monitoring of the resource using biological indicators and a probability-based sampling design. A 60-station survey targeting nearshore linear coral reef was conducted across southern Puerto Rico in December 2011 to document the status of reef inhabitants using a probabilistic, regional sampling design. The quantity, type and condition of stony corals, fish, gorgonians, and sponges were documented from each station, providing a robust representation of linear reef status and composition across the region. Fish represented 106 unique taxa and stony corals 32 unique taxa. Benthic organisms (stony corals, sponges, and gorgonians) averaged nearly 12 colonies per square meter, more than half of which were gorgonians. Assessment results can be used as a baseline to compare with future regional surveys to quantify change in reef condition over time (trend). Both temporal and spatial changes can be expected after large-scale disturbances like hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017. The indicators and probabilistic sampling design support the long-term regional monitoring envisioned by the Environmental Protection Agency to implement CWA protections in Puerto Rico and elsewhere.     

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随着交通信息化的快速发展,可供分析的交通流数据量越来越大,如何利用大规模交通流数据进行交通预测分析是智能交通的重要研究内容.为解决大规模交通流数据预测问题,本文提出了一种基于分层抽样与k均值聚类相结合的抽样方法,并与基于序贯最小优化方法的支持向量机结合,进行大规模交通流预测.实例分析结果表明,本文提出的聚类方法比现有抽样方法的抽样质量有所提高,基于序贯最小优化方法的支持向量机可有效提高交通流预测的精度.因此,本文提出的方法对于大规模交通流预测是有效的.     

Robust expected violation criterion for constrained robust design problems and its application in automotive lightweight design

Metamodeling techniques are commonly used to replace expensive computer simulations in robust design problems. Due to the discrepancy between the simulation model and metamodel, a robust solution in the infeasible region can be found according to the prediction error in constraint responses. In deterministic optimizations, balancing the predicted constraint and metamodeling uncertainty, expected violation (EV) criterion can be used to explore the design space and add samples to adaptively improve the fitting accuracy of the constraint boundary. However in robust design problems, the predicted error of a robust design constraint cannot be represented by the metamodel prediction uncertainty directly. The conventional EV-based sequential sampling method cannot be used in robust design problems. In this paper, by investigating the effect of metamodeling uncertainty on the robust design responses, an extended robust expected violation (REV) function is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of the robust design constraints. To validate the benefits of the proposed method, a crashworthiness-based lightweight design example, i.e. a highly nonlinear constrained robust design problem, is given. Results show that the proposed method can mitigate the prediction error in robust constraints and ensure the feasibility of the robust solution.     

机场混凝土道面板底竖向脱空量分析模型

通过设定不同温度梯度使道面板翘曲以模拟道面不同脱空程度,采用有限元方法分析了板底竖向脱空量与道面板厚度 h、基层厚度、接缝传荷能力、基层反应模量及道面板材料参数、道面板角中弯沉比、边中弯沉比的相关关系,并通过大量数据分析得到了道面板竖向脱空量的理论分析模型。经机场道面钻芯及弯沉测试数据验证表明,本经验公式预测值完全符合实际情况,可以作为脱空量的判定公式。     

基于碰撞机理的全气缸取样机构设计

从设计思路、执行部分设计、驱动部分和复位部分设计、模拟气缸设计等方面,介绍了一种基于接触碰撞机理的非破坏性、可重复使用的全气缸取样机构的设计,并进行了模拟碰撞试验和实车碰撞试验。试验结果表明,所设计的碰撞式全气缸取样机构可靠性好,能够满足全气缸取样要求。     

客车行车安全监测系统中走行部节点功能校验系统的实现

为了对客车行车安全监测系统中车辆走行部节点功能进行校验 ,将以往典型试验的采样数据无失真的回放出来 ,代替车辆走行部节点的采样信号源 (传感器拾取的信号 ) ,车辆走行部节点装置对输出的波形进行采样、预处理和数据分析 ,方便实用     

不同闭塞方式下城轨列车追踪运行过程及其仿真系统的研究

介绍了城市轨道交通不同信号闭塞方式及其追踪列车间隔时间的计算方法,建立了多列车追踪运行的仿真系统,并进行了算例的设计。在算例中,通过对两列车在固定闭塞、准移动闭塞、移动闭塞方式下的追踪运行模拟,分析了不同闭塞方式下列车追踪运行的效果,同时利用仿真系统对最小追踪列车间隔时间进行了验算,并得出相同发车间隔情况下不同信号闭塞方式的列车追踪运行结果以及三种闭塞方式条件下最小追踪列车间隔时间的计算结果。该系统可以为科研、设计人员进行城市轨道交通列车安全间隔及通过能力等方面的研究提供便利条件。     

约束于圆弧的路线平面直线段重构算法

提出一种利用一组(x,y)直角坐标点拟合与给定的圆弧相切的直线的算法。该算法遵循总体最小二乘准则来构建约束于圆弧的拟合直线的数学模型,在分析函数单调隔根区间的基础上,利用反拉格朗日插值迭代法计算出函数在定义域内的所有数值根,再经最小二乘准则检验获得数学模型的解,即拟合直线的回归参数。研究结果表明:拟合数学模型简明,基于单调隔根区间的迭代算法稳健,速度快,效果优,可用于重构路线平面的精确几何参数。