Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

自升式风电安装船桩腿及升降系统现状与发展

综述了自升式海洋风电安装船的桩腿结构、升降系统组成及主要技术参数特征;通过对桩腿结构、升降系统及动力源进行对比,指出了未来海洋风电安装船桩腿及其升降系统的发展方向:即适应30m以上深水作业环境、升降速度更快、效率更高、具有更好的稳定性、可靠性,为进一步的设计研究指明方向和解决思路.     

我国移动式修井平台发展综述

介绍了我国移动式修井平台的应用概况,分析了多功能支持平台在我国海上油田的修井作业模式,对我国多功能支持平台未来的发展提出了建议。     

海上风机基础防撞设计初探

从分析风机基础可能遭遇的船舶撞击的风险出发,提出了船舶撞击风机基础的概率计算方法。在此基础上提出通过防护成本和撞击损失的比较分析确定撞击标准的方法。进而提出了海上风机基础防撞设计的基本思路,并就风机基础防撞设计所涉及的船舶撞击力的计算方法和风机基础防撞设施的设计和使用进行了阐述。初步阐明了海上风机基础防撞标准的确定方法和海上风机基础防撞设计的思路,可供海上风机基础设计参考。     

Time domain analysis procedures for fatigue assessment of a semi-submersible wind turbine

Long term time domain analysis of the nominal stress for fatigue assessment of the tower and platform members of a three-column semi-submersible was performed by fully coupled time domain analyses in Simo-Riflex-AeroDyn. By combining the nominal stress ranges with stress concentration factors, hot spot stresses for fatigue damage calculation can be obtained. The aim of the study was to investigate the necessary simulation duration, number of random realisations and bin sizes for the discretisation of the joint wind and wave distribution. A total of 2316 3-h time domain simulations, were performed.In mild sea states with wind speeds between 7 and 9 m/s, the tower and pontoon experienced high fatigue damage due to resonance in the first bending frequency of the tower from the tower wake blade passing frequency (3P).Important fatigue effects seemed to be captured by 1 h simulations, and the sensitivity to number of random realisations was low when running simulations of more than 1 h. Fatigue damage for the tower base converged faster with simulation duration and number of random realisations than it did for the platform members.Bin sizes of 2 m/s for wind, 1 s for wave periods and 1 m for wave heights seemed to give acceptable estimates of total fatigue damage. It is, however, important that wind speeds that give coinciding 3P and tower resonance are included and that wave periods that give the largest pitch motion are included in the analysis.     

大型LNG船舶系泊条件试验研究

以某开敞式LNG接收站码头工程为例,通过物理模型,采用国内先进的仪器设备和试验手段,包括国内第一台可吸收式L型造波机等,模拟了风、浪、流对系泊船舶的共同作用,分析探讨了大型LNG船舶系缆力和撞击力对风浪流三种环境荷载不同方向的响应。通过优化系缆墩的布置和系缆方式,达到了LNG船舶安全系泊要求,为工程设计和运营提供了依据。     

随机风浪中舰船横摇倾覆概率分析

以路径积分法为基础,采用Gauss-Legendre公式探讨了随机风浪作用下舰船的运动及其倾覆概率计算。考虑阻尼力矩、复原力矩的非线性及风浪的随机性,建立了随机风浪中舰船运动的非线性微分方程,应用路径积分法给出白噪声随机扰动和定常风倾力矩作用时横摇角概率密度函数随时间的演变,按照现有的倾覆准则给出舰船倾覆概率的表达式。通过算例,验证了路径积分法的准确性,分析了各个参数对横摇角概率密度的影响,计算得出了不同风速、不同航速下的倾覆概率,以及倾覆概率随时间的变化。研究表明,此方法简便可行,并能在数量上预报舰船在随机风浪下的倾覆概率。     

海上风机吊装运输船及其吊装方式的研究概况

介绍了国内外海上风电的发展情况和前景,风电场建设对风机吊装运输船的需求;阐述了海上风机吊装运输船的分类及风机安装方式的发展变化。     

接触网张力影响因素分析与监测装置设计研究

分析了影响接触网张力的相关因素;采用位移传感器,以TMS320F28335处理器为核心,研究了接触网张力监测装置。模拟实验表明：对坠砣位移分辨的监控精度可达到0.1 mm,监测的相对误差小于千分之一,满足现场应用需要。     

Extension of the super-elements method to the analysis of a jacket impacted by a ship

The aim of this paper is to present a simplified analytical method for estimating the crushing resistance of an oblique cylinder impacted by the stem of a striking ship. The collision angle of the vessel is arbitrary, i.e. oblique collisions are also considered in this article. The two extremities of the tube are assumed to be clamped. These developments are intended to be used for evaluating the crashworthiness of an offshore wind turbines jacket. To achieve this goal, closed-form expressions are first derived for the particular situations of a horizontal and a vertical cylinder by applying the upper-bound method. An interpolation formula is then proposed to get the resistance opposed by the tube for any inclination angle. In order to validate these theoretical developments, some comparisons are made with the results of numerical simulations. These latter are performed using the finite elements software LS-DYNA. In almost all cases, the analytical prediction of the resistance is found to be in quite good agreement with the numerical ones. Finally, another comparison is made by simulating an OSV collision with a full jacket. In this case, the theoretical model is found to be insufficient for large impact energies and points out the need of further research.