平地上高速列车的风致安全特性

为研究高速列车在强侧风作用下安全行驶问题,基于空气动力学和多体系统动力学理论,建立了高速列车空气动力学模型和车辆系统动力学模型.应用该模型计算了不同风向角、不同风速和不同车速下作用于车体上的侧风气动载荷.根据高速列车整车试验规范,以脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力和轮轨垂向力为运行安全指标,分析了头车、中间车和尾车的运行安全性.研究表明:头车的安全性最差,且风向角为90°时,横风情况下最危险.随着车速的增大,最大安全风速急剧减小.当车速为200km/h时,最大安全风速为29.61 m/s;当车速为400 km/h时,最大安全风速为18.87m/s.     

基于流动模拟和动力学仿真的高速列车横风运行稳定性研究

以国产CRH3型3节车编组高速列车为研究对象,利用计算流体力学软件Star-CD/CCM＋计算了在不同横风风速和不同车速下的列车气动力荷载;将该荷载导入动力学仿真软件SIM-PACK的列车运行动力学模型中,计算出在不同横风和车速条件下的脱轨系数、减载率和倾覆系数等运行稳定性参数.计算表明：头车的气动性能和运行稳定性受横风的影响最大;根据车辆动力学性能参数确定的列车安全速度限值与横风风速之间并非线性关系.参照有关高速列车运行稳定性评定标准,给出了不同横风风速下高速列车安全运行的速度限值.     

浅吃水单柱式浮式风机动力学特性仿真研究

本文采用FAST软件对一种浅吃水单柱式浮式风机系统的动力学特性进行了研究.这一浮式风机适用于能源成本相对合理、水深为150 m的海域.本文首先讨论了这一浮式风机系统和OC3-Hywind系统在动力学特性方面的差异,然后研究了风尤其是湍流风对系统动力学特性的影响,最后对这一系统在多种载荷状况下的动力学行为进行了详尽的分析.研究结果表明:湍流风会在系统固有频率附近引起显著的激励;纵荡和纵摇运动取决于风轮推力,它们通过风轮推力和相对风速之间的联系建立起耦合关系;Spar平台的艏摇运动主要取决于平台横摇时由风轮推力引起的艏摇力矩.     

接触网张力影响因素分析与监测装置设计研究

分析了影响接触网张力的相关因素;采用位移传感器,以TMS320F28335处理器为核心,研究了接触网张力监测装置。模拟实验表明：对坠砣位移分辨的监控精度可达到0.1 mm,监测的相对误差小于千分之一,满足现场应用需要。     

车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究

侧向风作用下的车桥耦合振动分析需要考虑相互气动影响的车辆和桥梁各自的气动参数。为考虑车辆和桥梁的相互气动影响,在常规桥梁节段模型三分力测试装置的基础上研制了一种三分力分离装置———交叉滑槽系统。该系统利用环形滑槽和直线滑槽交叉点位置的变化来调整车辆和桥梁间的相对几何关系,并能实现车桥系统的同轴转动,从而方便地进行不同攻角情况下气动力的测试。利用交叉滑槽系统通过节段模型风洞试验对车桥系统的气动特性进行了多工况对比研究,讨论了车桥系统的雷诺数效应,分析了车桥间的相互气动作用,比较了车辆在桥上位置的影响。试验结果表明,基于交叉滑槽系统的节段模型风洞试验测试是可行的;车桥间的相互气动作用对车辆和桥梁的气动力有较明显的影响。     

表面损伤斜拉索雷诺数临界区气动力与流场分析

斜拉索由于具有自身质量轻、结构刚度差、结构阻尼小和自身长细比大的特点，极容易发生风（雨）致振动，对桥梁结构的安全性能产生很大的影响，而斜拉索作为斜拉桥的重要受力构件，准确掌握其风荷载对于桥梁抗风设计具有重要意义，特别是斜拉索在生产、运输和安装过程中表面可能受到损伤，该斜拉索在临界雷诺数区的气动力特性和流场特性更是值得研究的问题。针对此种状况，通过同步测力风洞试验，对表面无损伤斜拉索模型和表面损伤斜拉索模型在不同风攻角下的升力系数进行时程分析，得到边界层转捩的3个区域；将升力系数时程进行快速傅里叶变换计算得到升力时程频谱图，并通过频谱图分析随机信号的频域特征；对比从雷诺数亚临界、临界到超临界区表面无损伤和表面损伤斜拉索的流场变化，并从周围流场变化的角度分析雷诺数临界区斜拉索气动稳定性及可能的机理。研究结果表明：表面无损伤和表面损伤模型的升力系数随雷诺数的变化规律基本一致，二者的升力时程在TrBL0向TrBL1阶段和TrBL1向TrBL2阶段过渡过程中会出现双稳态现象，损伤会影响斜拉索尾流区旋涡脱落的情况，进而对不同雷诺数下的Strouhal数值变化产生一定的影响。     

横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析

采用3维定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,结合RNGk-ε湍流模型,利用多重参考系法,对横向风作用下ICE高速列车在日本屋代南桥上运行的绕流进行分析。结果表明:列车风对流场的影响主要表现在对列车表面附近、桥面、挡风墙间的局部流场的影响;列车运行时对头部、尾部附近的空气有排挤、拖曳作用;列车尾部靠迎风侧有一个很强的旋涡;列车风对列车中部附近流场的影响很小,对列车的阻力、横向力、升力、摇头力矩影响较大;列车风的作用使整个列车产生一种向上提升和沿横风向摇头的作用,列车风对列车附近区域桥梁的气动力有明显影响。     

双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术概述

文中简要介绍了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的基本结构和运行原理,对双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术进行了概述,其中包括交流励磁电路拓扑、控制策略、并网控制,展望了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术的发展趋势.     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.