Dynamic diurnal social taxonomy of urban environments using data from a geocoded time use activity-travel diary and point-based business establishment inventory

In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied).     

Sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects of hybrid-sail assisted bulk carrier

In a previously reported study, wind tunnel experiments were undertaken to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of hybrid-sails in isolation. Such sails are seen as providing a worthwhile reduction in the delivered power to the propeller and hence the engine generated thrust, with a corresponding reduction in the CO₂ production of diesel engine exhaust. In this paper, wind tunnel testing is used to investigate sail–sail interaction effects for two sets of four identical hybrid-sails, and the sail–hull interaction effects for the same two sets of four identical sails in the presence of a bulk carrier hullform. The analysis presented suggests that to build a sail-assisted ship requires an appreciation of the sail–sail and sail–hull interaction effects.     

暗挖双连拱隧道穿越浅基础高层楼群区施工技术

北京城市铁路东直门区间采用双连拱隧道结构形式 ,在富水松散地层中从两栋浅基础高层居民楼中间采用浅埋暗挖法通过 ,施工难度极大。本文主要阐述针对该段复杂的施工边界及约束条件 ,在处理地层与结构、隧道施工与既有建筑物相互作用 ,所采用的技术方法和特殊条件下的高层建筑防护技术 ,以及监测在施工中的应用 ,以期为今后类似工程的施工提供参考和借鉴。     

分层饱和土中横向受荷桩动力阻抗分析方法

考虑饱和土的成层性和孔隙流体与土骨架变形的相互作用,用积分变换方法构建盘面和柱面荷载作用下土体与结构动力相互作用影响函数,用边界元方法建立相应的考虑饱和土成层性的地基与桩基础动力相互作用分析方法。以层状饱和土中横向受荷桩动力阻抗分析表明分析方法的可行性。     

考虑流体-桩-土相互作用的独桩平台波浪响应的TMD 控制研究

采用调谐质量阻尼器对独桩平台的波浪响应进行控制，在对受控结构的波浪响应进行随机振动分析时，考虑了流体－桩土桩互作用的影响，通过一算例具体讨论了TMD的参数对控制效果的影响，计算经表明，适当选择TMD的参数可有效地控制独桩平台的波浪响应，因此TMD在简易平台的振动控制领域有着良好的应用前景。     

An approach to geometric optimisation of railway catenaries

The quality of current collection becomes a limiting factor when the aim is to increase the speed of the present railway systems. In this work an attempt is made to improve current collection quality optimising catenary geometry by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). As contact wire height and dropper spacing are thought to be highly influential parameters, they are chosen as the optimisation variables. The results obtained show that a GA can be used to optimise catenary geometry to improve current collection quality measured in terms of the standard deviation of the contact force. Furthermore, it is highlighted that apart from the usual pre-sag, other geometric parameters should also be taken into account when designing railway catenaries.     

汕头市苏埃通道工程海域段平纵横方案研究

为有效解决汕头市苏埃通道工程遇到的海底硬岩、孤石群及高烈度抗震等技术难题,从海底隧道横断面、平面及纵断面方案进行研究。主要研究和结论如下： 1）对两管方案与三管方案进行比较,在海底硬岩处理方面,2种方案施工风险无本质区别,但两管方案可利用车道板下空间解决消防防灾问题、取消隧道联络通道设置、降低施工及抗震风险,优于三管方案; 2）从抗震、工程造价、结构受力及隧道运维等方面进行研究,发现盾构管片采用单层预制结构优于管片内置二次衬砌结构; 3）隧道平面方案需摸清海底硬岩及孤石群分布范围,结合码头、港池及锚地等控制因素综合确定; 4）隧道纵断面方案的确定,需充分考虑海底硬岩、孤石分布规律以及最小覆土、主航道规划标高、港池范围等控制因素,避开硬岩及孤石群,以减小隧道修建难度和风险。     

工艺资源数据库的管理及应用

工艺资源数据库的建立过程及要求,工艺资源数据库与各应用系统数据交互,工艺资源数据库应用,工艺资源数据在应用中作用。     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.     

箱筒型结构在海底管线防护中的应用

箱筒型结构是一种新型结构,于2003年底在天津港防波堤工程中试验成功。在积累了丰富的施工经验之后,2004年10月首次在天津临港工业区滩涂开发一期工程海底管线防护中得以应用。介绍该结构的应用情况,可为类似工程提供参考。