Loss of stability of a railway wheel-set,subcritical or supercritical

Most researches on railway vehicle stability analysis are focused on the codimension 1 (for short, codim 1) bifurcations like subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of codim 1 bifurcation can be completed based on one bifurcation parameter. However, two bifurcation parameters should be considered to give a general view of the motion of the system when it undergoes a degenerate Hopf bifurcation. This kind of bifurcation named the generalised Hopf bifurcation belongs to the codimension 2 (for short, codim 2) bifurcations where two bifurcation parameters need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we give a numerical analysis of the codim 2 bifurcations of a nonlinear railway wheel-set with the QR algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearised system incorporating the Golden Cut method and the shooting method to calculate the limit cycles around the Hopf bifurcation points. Here, we found the existence of a generalised Hopf bifurcation where a subcritical Hopf bifurcation turns into a supercritical one with the increase of the bifurcation parameters, which belong to the codim 2 bifurcations, in a nonlinear railway wheel-set model. Only the nonlinear wheel/rail interactive relationship has been taken into consideration in the lateral model that is formulated in this paper. The motion of the wheel-set has been investigated when the bifurcation parameters are perturbed in the neighbourhood of their critical parameters, and the influences of different parameters on critical values of the bifurcation parameters are also given. From the results, it can be seen that the bifurcation types of the wheel-set will change with a variation of the bifurcation parameters in the neighbourhood of their critical values.     

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map, respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second, based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China, the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore, the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and z-axis is discussed. The results show that the moment about the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability, but the moment about the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However, the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.     

仰拱步距和台阶长度对软岩大断面隧道稳定性影响分析

在软岩大断面隧道施工过程中,围岩稳定性控制难度很大。依托宝兰客专古城岭隧道的勘察设计资料、施工工艺和监测数据,建立符合工程实际的基本数值模型,分析软岩大断面隧道的变形特点,揭示仰拱步距和台阶长度对初期支护变形的影响规律。根据模拟试验结果指导古城岭隧道大变形区段施工,将初期支护累计变形减小了70%。     

台风区钢管格构支架稳定性和优化设计分析

以台风区的平潭海峡大练岛特大桥新建工程中现浇公路桥的钢管格构支架体系为研究背景,对钢管格构支架稳定性进行分析,通过Midas Civil软件建立钢管格构支架体系空间有限元模型,从不同的肢数、节段长度、高度等参数进行分析,并对四肢格构支架进行均匀流风场作用下的风洞试验。计算结果表明:当钢管结构的壁厚与直径比δ/d一定时,支架结构的临界屈曲荷载系数随着钢管直径的增大而增大,整体呈指数上升趋势;六肢与四肢钢管格构支架临界荷载系数相差不大,四肢钢管格构支架是最经济支架结构;当支架总高度小于70 m时,钢管格构支架结构基本能满足结构稳定性要求;支架钢管立柱横向间距在5~7 m时,其稳定性呈现较快的上升趋势,横向间距为7 m左右时,支架稳定性最好。风洞试验结果能反映四肢格构支架的实际受力特性,并指导四肢格构支架现场实际施工。该分析可为类似钢管格构施工支架的设计提供参考。     

西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段工程地质问题及地质选线

为了科学地指导西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段的地质选线工作,采用综合勘察方法,借鉴兰渝铁路的勘察及施工经验,并结合灰色关联法与变权理论,查明三叠系软岩大变形及上新近系砂岩水稳性为研究区的主要工程地质问题;根据岩性、岩体完整程度、层厚、强度应力比、地下水等因素,对三叠系软岩大变形进行风险分级;构建地质选线数学模型对多种线路方案进行定量评价,得出最优方案,为地质选线提供依据。     

塑性极限分析上限法在边坡安全系数求解中的应用

基于塑性极限分析上限法在边坡中建立一个合理的速度场,取滑动面为对数螺旋曲面,分别求得边坡滑动体、外荷载所做外功率和滑动面上内能消散率的计算表达式.然后定义材料强度储备安全系数为边坡的稳定安全系数,即边坡中岩土体的c和φ按同一比例折减后边坡达到极限平衡状态,由此可求得边坡处于极限状态时的外功率与内能消散率.再结合虚功率方程得出边坡安全系数的表达式,进而求得其最小上限解,便能确定边坡最不利滑动面的位置以及其最小安全系数.最后,以一个边坡安全系数求解为算例,把本文的计算结果与多种传统方法的计算结果比较,证明本文所提出的方法合理可行.     

104型空气分配阀紧急阀安定性的改进研究

通过对104分配阀运用中意外紧急的现状分析,提出了紧急阀安定性的改进方案,并介绍了相关的试验验证。     

高速转向架非线性与高铁车辆安全稳定性裕度

以高速轮轨关系空间为边界条件,分析高速转向架的非线性稳定性、拖车构架点头迟滞非线性和抗蛇行高频卸荷机制,并根据实践经验将提高高铁车辆稳定性裕度的主要途径归纳为2种抗蛇行模式,即大阻尼抑制蛇行和抗蛇行吸能频带.但大阻尼抑制蛇行将带来降低车体横向平稳性和恶化轮轨磨耗等诸多负而影响.因此,针对构架振动报管等高铁应用的新问题,提出基于抗蛇行吸能频带的安全稳定性裕度调控方案,并在台架试验基础上制订了抗蛇行软约束的积极对策,仿真预期结果表明其完全可以保障380 km·h<'-1>运营速度下高铁车辆的安全稳定性裕度.     

桥梁结构基于性能的地震经济风险评估

针对我国桥梁结构的地震直接经济风险评估,建立基于性能的实用评估方法。规范设防下利用地震动参数确定地震危险性,将改进能力谱方法用于确定桥梁结构各损伤状态的地震需求水平,结合桥梁损伤脆弱性以及相应的损失比,使桥梁结构的地震经济风险定量表达为年预期损失形式。并借助OpenSees地震工程仿真平台应用本方法对一座城市轨道交通桥梁进行地震经济风险评估。结果表明,在设定地震下桥梁结构的地震直接经济风险损失主要来自年超越概率较高的轻微破坏和中等破坏,约占风险损失的82.4%;而运用增量动力分析对该评估方法的验证结果表明,该方法的评估结果与增量动力分析结果相比较为保守,二者相对误差随年超越概率的降低而趋于减小。     

地铁牵引变流器直流侧振荡抑制策略研究

负阻抗会引起地铁车辆牵引变流器直流侧电压、电流振荡,降低牵引传动系统稳定性。本文建立地铁牵引变流器关注直流侧的系统小信号模型,详细分析直流侧振荡的产生机理。提取直流侧电压谐振分量,提出基于直流侧电压振荡比修正给定牵引、制动转矩的直流侧振荡抑制策略,利用相平面法和根轨迹法讨论振荡抑制策略对系统稳定性的改善以及参数选择对控制性能的影响。模型仿真和地铁现场试验结果均表明,该振荡抑制策略能有效消除直流侧振荡现象,提高系统稳定性。