海鸥式钢箱拱桥设计关键技术

柳州广雅大桥主桥采用跨径63 m+2×210 m+63 m的海鸥式钢箱拱桥,结构体系采用刚架系杆拱桥,有别于常规拱桥,拱肋之间未设横撑并设置了副拱,凸显组合体系拱桥的特色及受力复杂性。从结构设计构造及关键技术等方面详细介绍了该桥的设计思路和特点。     

基于扁拱突变理论的路基下伏溶洞顶板稳定性分析

根据路基下伏溶洞受荷体系的力学特性,将结构体系简化为两端固定铰支的扁拱模型;基于突变理论推导得到扁拱的能量势函数和分叉集方程,从而建立了路基下伏溶洞顶板突变模型平衡曲面;根据溶洞顶板突变失稳的条件,提出了确定路基下伏溶洞顶板的极限承载力及最小安全厚度的方法;并对溶洞顶板厚度h、溶洞顶板跨径l、溶洞顶板失高f、岩层的弹性模量E、溶洞顶板上覆荷载q五个影响因素进行参数分析,可得如下结论:溶洞顶板的极限承载力随着溶洞顶板厚度的增加,溶洞顶板失高的增加、岩层弹性模量的增加而增加,随着溶洞顶板跨径、溶洞顶板上覆荷载的增加而减小.     

重力式锚碇抗滑移稳定性设计参数敏感性分析

以重力式锚碇设计方案为背景,对影响锚碇抗滑动稳定性的设计参数开展了敏感性分析,识别出其中对锚碇稳定性具有显著控制性的设计参数.此外,对作用于锚碇主缆缆力的主要影响参数进行了敏感性分析.分析结果可以为重力式锚碇的设计优化提供一些基础数据,并为挖掘锚碇设计空间提供技术支撑.     

Loss of stability of a railway wheel-set,subcritical or supercritical

Most researches on railway vehicle stability analysis are focused on the codimension 1 (for short, codim 1) bifurcations like subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of codim 1 bifurcation can be completed based on one bifurcation parameter. However, two bifurcation parameters should be considered to give a general view of the motion of the system when it undergoes a degenerate Hopf bifurcation. This kind of bifurcation named the generalised Hopf bifurcation belongs to the codimension 2 (for short, codim 2) bifurcations where two bifurcation parameters need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we give a numerical analysis of the codim 2 bifurcations of a nonlinear railway wheel-set with the QR algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearised system incorporating the Golden Cut method and the shooting method to calculate the limit cycles around the Hopf bifurcation points. Here, we found the existence of a generalised Hopf bifurcation where a subcritical Hopf bifurcation turns into a supercritical one with the increase of the bifurcation parameters, which belong to the codim 2 bifurcations, in a nonlinear railway wheel-set model. Only the nonlinear wheel/rail interactive relationship has been taken into consideration in the lateral model that is formulated in this paper. The motion of the wheel-set has been investigated when the bifurcation parameters are perturbed in the neighbourhood of their critical parameters, and the influences of different parameters on critical values of the bifurcation parameters are also given. From the results, it can be seen that the bifurcation types of the wheel-set will change with a variation of the bifurcation parameters in the neighbourhood of their critical values.     

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map, respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second, based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China, the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore, the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and z-axis is discussed. The results show that the moment about the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability, but the moment about the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However, the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.     

仰拱步距和台阶长度对软岩大断面隧道稳定性影响分析

在软岩大断面隧道施工过程中,围岩稳定性控制难度很大。依托宝兰客专古城岭隧道的勘察设计资料、施工工艺和监测数据,建立符合工程实际的基本数值模型,分析软岩大断面隧道的变形特点,揭示仰拱步距和台阶长度对初期支护变形的影响规律。根据模拟试验结果指导古城岭隧道大变形区段施工,将初期支护累计变形减小了70%。     

台风区钢管格构支架稳定性和优化设计分析

以台风区的平潭海峡大练岛特大桥新建工程中现浇公路桥的钢管格构支架体系为研究背景,对钢管格构支架稳定性进行分析,通过Midas Civil软件建立钢管格构支架体系空间有限元模型,从不同的肢数、节段长度、高度等参数进行分析,并对四肢格构支架进行均匀流风场作用下的风洞试验。计算结果表明:当钢管结构的壁厚与直径比δ/d一定时,支架结构的临界屈曲荷载系数随着钢管直径的增大而增大,整体呈指数上升趋势;六肢与四肢钢管格构支架临界荷载系数相差不大,四肢钢管格构支架是最经济支架结构;当支架总高度小于70 m时,钢管格构支架结构基本能满足结构稳定性要求;支架钢管立柱横向间距在5~7 m时,其稳定性呈现较快的上升趋势,横向间距为7 m左右时,支架稳定性最好。风洞试验结果能反映四肢格构支架的实际受力特性,并指导四肢格构支架现场实际施工。该分析可为类似钢管格构施工支架的设计提供参考。     

西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段工程地质问题及地质选线

为了科学地指导西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段的地质选线工作,采用综合勘察方法,借鉴兰渝铁路的勘察及施工经验,并结合灰色关联法与变权理论,查明三叠系软岩大变形及上新近系砂岩水稳性为研究区的主要工程地质问题;根据岩性、岩体完整程度、层厚、强度应力比、地下水等因素,对三叠系软岩大变形进行风险分级;构建地质选线数学模型对多种线路方案进行定量评价,得出最优方案,为地质选线提供依据。     

基于不同计算方法的地铁车站结构抗震性能分析

我国地铁车站结构抗震性能分析仍相对滞后,特别是在各种抗震计算方法分析结果的对比研究方面。针对这种情况,以北京某地铁车站为背景,采用惯性力法、反应位移法及动力时程分析法3种抗震设计方法对地铁车站进行了结构抗震性能分析,得出了水平地震荷载作用下矩形车站结构的柱、板、墙各构件内力分布特征。结果显示:3种计算方法得到的各内力分布规律较为一致,其最大受力部位在底板与柱子交接处,但对于同一个内力而言,内力值有所差别。重点分析了3种抗震设计方法计算结果之间的差异。     

塑性极限分析上限法在边坡安全系数求解中的应用

基于塑性极限分析上限法在边坡中建立一个合理的速度场,取滑动面为对数螺旋曲面,分别求得边坡滑动体、外荷载所做外功率和滑动面上内能消散率的计算表达式.然后定义材料强度储备安全系数为边坡的稳定安全系数,即边坡中岩土体的c和φ按同一比例折减后边坡达到极限平衡状态,由此可求得边坡处于极限状态时的外功率与内能消散率.再结合虚功率方程得出边坡安全系数的表达式,进而求得其最小上限解,便能确定边坡最不利滑动面的位置以及其最小安全系数.最后,以一个边坡安全系数求解为算例,把本文的计算结果与多种传统方法的计算结果比较,证明本文所提出的方法合理可行.