顺倾结构面红层岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理

含顺倾结构面的红层岩质边坡开挖过程中极易发生边坡失稳问题。本文以东南地区一公路红层岩质边坡为研究对象,分析该类边坡的致灾因子,并针对该边坡沿顺倾结构面的滑动破坏模式,提出坡脚堆载反压、刷方减载、夯填裂缝、设置排水工程和锚固工程的综合治理措施。通过建立滑坡模型,采用室内试验法、反算法和极限平衡法确定滑面计算参数和滑坡推力,并对治理措施实施过程中边坡稳定性进行分析验算,论证治理措施的可行性。监测数据表明,治理效果较为理想。     

弄福屯危岩体发育特征及稳定性分析

百色市凌云县弄福屯危岩体发现已久，近年来多次发生零星崩塌掉块现象，严重威胁山下村民的生命财产安全。通过工程地质调查，查明了弄福屯危岩体发育区的工程地质特征，分析了危岩体形成的原因、破坏方式及主要影响因素。根据其破坏方式分别进行稳定性计算，评价危岩体的稳定性并提出治理措施。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant controller synthesis for a steer-by-wire vehicle using independently driven wheels

In this paper, a synthesis method for a reconfigurable fault-tolerant control system for use in a steer-by-wire vehicle is proposed. The vehicle considered in this paper is also assumed to have independently driven wheels. The control objective in this work is to enable the vehicle yaw rate to track the reference signal even when the steering actuator breaks down. Since the vehicle yaw rate can be controlled with either the front wheel turn angle or the yaw moment generated by the independently driven wheels, this system has actuator redundancy. We attempt to design a control system that manages this actuator redundancy so that the performance degradation due to the actuator failure is minimised. We utilise a control allocator based on on-line optimisation for managing the actuator redundancy. The fault-tolerant control system with a control allocator has several excellent properties. For example, the method can handle various failure situations. Also, since the control allocation problem is reduced to a convex quadratic programming problem, the on-line computational effort is relatively little. However, so far, it has been unclear whether the stability of the control system with the control allocator is guaranteed when the actuator failure occurs. Therefore, we propose a design method of a fault-tolerant controller based on on-line optimisation that guarantees the stability of the overall system. The effectiveness of the method is established through numerical examples.     

High-speed optimal steering of a tractor–semitrailer

A high-speed optimal trailer steering controller for a tractor–semitrailer is discussed. A linear model of a tractor–semitrailer with steered trailer axles is described, and an optimal trailer steering controller is introduced. A path-following controller is derived to minimise the path-tracking error in steady-state manoeuvres using active trailer steering. A roll stability controller is introduced by adding the lateral acceleration of trailer centre of gravity as another objective in the steering controller, so as to improve roll stability in transient manoeuvres. A strategy to switch between these two control modes is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the steering controller can ensure good path tracking of articulated vehicles in steady-state manoeuvres and improve roll stability significantly in transient manoeuvres, while maintaining the path-tracking deviation within an acceptable range. Tests with an experimental tractor–semitrailer equipped with a high-bandwidth active steering system validate the controller design and simulation results. The roll stability controller reduces the measured rearward amplification by 27%.     

Chatter vibrations of high-performance motorcycles

Motorcycle racing teams occasionally experience speed-limiting vibrations of around 25 Hz frequency in mid-corner. The nature of the vibrations has not been closely defined yet and the mechanics are currently not properly understood. Conventional motorcycle-dynamics models are shown here to reveal the existence of a vibration mode that aligns with the experience being referred to, suggesting some explanations. Root loci for variations in speed or cornering vigour, demonstrating modal characteristics for small perturbations from trim states, are employed to indicate how the mode responds to changes in operation and design. Modal participation is examined for a lightly damped case. Influences on the natural frequency and damping of the mode are found and a way of stabilising the mode is suggested.     

Dynamic performances of an innovative coupler used in heavy haul trains

An innovative structure for a heavy haul coupler with an arc surface contact and restoring bumpstop is proposed. This coupler has a small lateral force at a small yaw angle and a limitable yaw angle to ensure an allowable coupler lateral force under intense compressive force. The main structural characteristic of the combined contact coupler is a lateral movable follower with an appropriate friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 and a slide block with a single freedom of longitudinal movement. In order to verify and simulate the performances, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and wheel set lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler performances. The combined contact coupler is suitable for heavy haul train for a good dynamic performance.     

适于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则研究

通过对水下爆炸载荷的分析和已有动态稳定性判别准则的对比,提出适合于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则:基丁药量的B-R准则、基于爆距的B-R准则和基于新型冲击因子的B-R准则.利用该准则计算了某型舰在水下爆炸中舱壁结构的动态稳定性.计算发现气泡脉动载荷在舱壁动稳性中是不可忽视的,且水下爆炸中结构的稳定性分为3个阶段.     

隧道围岩稳定性改进模糊概率模型及其应用研究

为更加准确有效地判别隧道围岩稳定性,引入RandWPSO-LSSVM(随机权重粒子群算法-最小二乘支持向量机)围岩极限位 移预测模型,对传统模型的隶属函数进行优化,建立围岩稳定性改进模糊概率模型。基于改进模型方法,由围岩位移预测值u、预测 位移标准差、围岩极限位移预测值U 及预测极限位移标准差即可求解隧道围岩稳定概率,并结合8 个工程算例对模型进行验证。 结果表明,改进模型解决了传统模型隶属函数存在的极限位移取值范围不合理的问题,且有效消除了隶属函数线性简化处理导致 的偏差,由其计算的稳定概率与实际情况吻合较好,围岩稳定性评价结果的可靠性更高; 将改进模型应用于实际工程的隧道围岩 稳定性判别中,计算结果能够较好地反映实际工程情况。     

多年冻土区灌注桩的人工冷却试验研究

多年冻土区灌注桩修筑过程中，混凝土携带的热量和水化热会对周围冻土产生强烈的热扰动，由于基础在回冻前承载力非常小，因此桩基的快速回冻已成为该地区基础设施建设中备受关注的问题。为解决该问题，创新性地提出人工冷却法在多年冻土区灌注桩中的应用，以实现基础的快速降温和回冻，并在青藏高原北麓河进行现场人工冷却灌注桩试验。试验结果表明：人工冷却降温效果显著，试验进行到第2天，基础周围土体温度已经降至天然场温度以下；随着冷却试验的继续进行，基础和周围土体的温度会进一步降低；人工冷却有效降低了土体温度，并增加了桩基周围土体的冷储量，冷却试验结束后的第7个月试验桩的平均界面温度为-0.6℃，无冷却措施桩对应的平均界面温度为-0.37℃。承载力计算结果表明：人工冷却可以快速、大幅提高桩基的承载力，通过该措施的应用，试验桩的承载力可提高至2 231 kN，而无冷却措施桩对应时刻的承载力仅为549 kN；该措施有效缩短了冻土区灌注桩施工的后续等待时间，经过人工冷却的桩基承载力很高，冷却结束后即可进行上部荷载的施工。人工冷却可作为冻土地区桩基快速施工中的一种重要方法和有效途径，其不仅能够解决灌注桩对冻土产生热扰动这一难题，还能够有效缩短工程的建设周期，具有很高的工程应用价值。     

某围垦区市政工程软基处理措施初探

该文结合某围垦工程实例,提出围垦区市政工程软基处理的设计思路,并针对该垦区的工程实际,提出适用该类土质的软基处理方法,供工程技术人员参考。