低重心斜拉桥边跨墩柱横向抗震措施研究

针对低重心斜拉桥边跨墩柱的横向抗震问题,以某在建低重心斜拉桥为背景,进行边跨墩柱横向抗震措施研究。该桥主桥为(45+80+285+80+45)m双塔双索面混凝土斜拉桥,边跨墩柱高度仅为11 m。采用SAP2000建立全桥有限元模型,输入地震动,通过抗弯能力需求比R M评估桥梁的抗震性能,提出改变墩柱截面形式与采用防屈曲支撑构件(BRB)等8种抗震措施,并对比分析各措施墩柱关键截面的R M。结果表明:在地震作用下,设置横向固定支座的边跨墩柱墩底截面弯矩较大、R M均小于1,是低重心斜拉桥横向抗震的薄弱环节;8种抗震措施墩柱关键截面的R M均大于1,各措施均可改善边跨墩柱的横向抗震性能,措施Ⅱ-6(将边跨墩柱改为双肢截面,并在双肢间设置BRB)为该桥最优措施。     

磁电弹固体中弹性波传播问题的研究进展

简要介绍了磁电弹材料的特征和基本方程，评述了这类材料中弹性波传播问题的研究进展，主要包括表面波、界面波和导波等。     

A kinematic wave approach to traffic statics and dynamics in a double-ring network

Recently there has been much interest in understanding macroscopic fundamental diagrams of stationary road networks. However, there lacks a systematic method to define and solve stationary states in a road network with complex junctions. In this study we propose a kinematic wave approach to defining, analyzing, and simulating static and dynamic traffic characteristics in a network of two ring roads connected by a 2 × 2 junction, which can be either an uninterrupted interchange or a signalized intersection. This study is enabled by recently developed macroscopic junction models of general junctions. With a junction model based on fair merging and first-in-first-out diverging rules, we first define and solve stationary states and then derive the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) of a stationary uninterrupted network. We conclude that the flow-density relationship of the uninterrupted double-ring network is not unique for high average network densities (i.e., when one ring becomes congested) and unveil the existence of infinitely many stationary states that can arise with a zero-speed shockwave. From simulation results with a corresponding Cell Transmission Model, we verify that all stationary states in the MFD are stable and can be reached, but show that randomness in the retaining ratio of each ring drives the network to more symmetric traffic patterns and higher flow-rates. Furthermore we model a signalized intersection as two alternate diverge junctions and demonstrate that the signalized double-ring network can reach asymptotically periodic traffic patterns, which are therefore defined as “stationary” states in signalized networks. With simulations we show that the flow-density relation is well defined in such “stationary” states, and asymptotic traffic patterns can be impacted by signal cycle lengths and retaining ratios. But compared with uninterrupted interchanges, signalized intersections lead to more asymmetric traffic patterns, lower flow-rates, and even gridlocks when the average density is higher than half of the jam density. The results are consistent between this study and existing studies, but the network kinematic wave model, with appropriate junction models, is mathematically tractable and physically meaningful. It has offered a more complete picture regarding the number and type of stationary states, their stability, and MFD in freeway and signalized networks.     

消减波浪荷载的桥梁沉箱基础外形设计研究

基于波浪场中动水压强的空间分布特征,提出了消减跨海桥梁沉箱基础波浪荷载的方法:一是优化基础横截面外形,调节基础横截面外轮廓不同位置波浪压力的相位差,减小基础所受到波浪力和力矩;二是优化基础竖截面外形,减小水面附近波浪能量集中区域的截面尺寸,增大靠近海床面区域的截面尺寸,将基础下部的迎浪面设置为外伸斜面,利用斜面上波浪压力竖向分力产生的力矩抵消部分水平分力产生的力矩,从而消减桥梁基础上的总波浪力矩。对于大尺度矩形和圆端矩形截面的桥梁深水沉箱基础,基于势流绕射理论和边界积分方法进行分析,结果表明,相比于矩形截面,采用圆端矩形截面可有效减小基础的波浪力和力矩;相比于上下等截面的基础,采用下部迎浪面设置外伸斜面的基础可以大幅减小基础的波浪力矩。研究成果可为跨海桥梁深水基础设计提供参考。     

交通流中的回波及其传播特征

应用流体力学原理，针对交通流运动方程式，证明了交通流的回波及其传播特征，同时指出了在交通流理论界有较大影响的莱特希尔和惠特汉推导出的车流传播公式的理论误区。     

地震散射技术在盾构隧道海底孤石探测中的应用———以横琴隧道为例

针对珠海横琴海底盾构隧道孤石探测这一工程勘察难点,选用具有高分辨特点的地震散射新技术,通过小排列密集采集方式,进行2 m×1 m 的网格观测,获得轴向间距1 m、横向2 m、垂向0. 5 m 的三维速度结构和地质界面分布。以波速大于2 400 m/ s 为识别基岩与孤石的指标,得到其高程分布;对三维波速结构进行水平、纵向和横向切片,展现基岩与孤石的分布图像。勘探发现 26 处孤石,其中9 处直径超过3 m。通过证实,物探与钻探的吻合率达到90%,平均深度误差在1 m 以内。实际应用结果表明地震散射技术具有采集灵活、分辨率高的特点,特别适合孤石勘探。     

汽车电磁干扰故障的诊断与排除

干扰电磁波主要通过两种方式传播：一为“辐射干扰”,它主要干扰无线慢接收装置;二为“传导干扰”,它具有更大的危害性。阐述了电磁干扰机理及产生干扰电磁波的原因。介绍了防止电磁干扰的措施、电磁干扰故障的判断与排除。     

公路铁路一体化高架车站结构抗震分析

以宁波市某快速路-市域铁路线一体化项目为背景,针对公路铁路一体化高架车站的结构特点进行抗震性能分析;对不同行业规范的相关设计要求进行了比较;同时根据场地动参数对车站结构进行多遇地震、设防地震作用下的反应谱分析,以及罕遇地震作用下的非线性时程分析。采用单轴铰对罕遇地震作用下的墩柱进行延性验算,并采用静力弹塑性分析法进行补充分析。分析结果表明,该型结构各项指标均满足要求。     

基于改进尾流振子模型的超长拉索涡激振动特性数值研究

为了研究大跨度斜拉桥超长拉索在不同流场特性下的高阶多模态涡激振动问题，以牛顿定律为基础，建立了考虑张力变化以及垂度效应的拉索结构振子方程，引入改进的Van Der Pol式尾流振子模型，以加速度耦合两非线性振子，提出了一种简便的拉索涡激振动流固耦合预报模型；采用二阶中心差分法，对两振子方程在空间域和时间域进行离散迭代求解，编制了拉索涡激振动的MATLAB计算程序，并验证了其可靠性。该方法为研究拉索涡激振动提供了一种新思路，可解决风洞试验和数值软件（CFD）不便模拟大长细比拉索结构的问题。基于提出的预报模型，以1根330 m超长拉索为研究对象，分析了拉索多模态涡激振动特性，探讨了不同流场特性对拉索涡激振动的影响。研究结果表明：均匀流作用下，拉索发生涡激锁定现象，以单一模态发生振动，随着风速的增加，拉索涡激锁定区间增大而最大振幅不发生改变；剪切流作用下，拉索发生多模态涡激振动，位移响应呈现"拍"的特点，振动频率分布在Strouhal涡脱频率范围内，存在2个或3个主导频率，主导频率全程参与振动，非主导频率间歇参与振动；拉索多模态涡激振动位移响应表现为行波-驻波并存的状态，随着风剖面指数的增加，涡激振动行波效应显著。