全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 2540篇 |
| 免费 | 251篇 |
专业分类
| 公路运输 | 454篇 |
| 综合类 | 974篇 |
| 水路运输 | 406篇 |
| 铁路运输 | 440篇 |
| 综合运输 | 517篇 |
出版年
| 2025年 | 9篇 |
| 2024年 | 33篇 |
| 2023年 | 22篇 |
| 2022年 | 37篇 |
| 2021年 | 66篇 |
| 2020年 | 91篇 |
| 2019年 | 60篇 |
| 2018年 | 86篇 |
| 2017年 | 83篇 |
| 2016年 | 109篇 |
| 2015年 | 125篇 |
| 2014年 | 201篇 |
| 2013年 | 275篇 |
| 2012年 | 175篇 |
| 2011年 | 211篇 |
| 2010年 | 204篇 |
| 2009年 | 158篇 |
| 2008年 | 171篇 |
| 2007年 | 161篇 |
| 2006年 | 157篇 |
| 2005年 | 86篇 |
| 2004年 | 64篇 |
| 2003年 | 54篇 |
| 2002年 | 38篇 |
| 2001年 | 37篇 |
| 2000年 | 18篇 |
| 1999年 | 8篇 |
| 1998年 | 5篇 |
| 1997年 | 7篇 |
| 1996年 | 7篇 |
| 1995年 | 6篇 |
| 1994年 | 5篇 |
| 1993年 | 8篇 |
| 1992年 | 4篇 |
| 1991年 | 2篇 |
| 1990年 | 3篇 |
| 1989年 | 2篇 |
| 1988年 | 2篇 |
| 1986年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有2791条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
ABSTRACTThe impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed. 相似文献
122.
ABSTRACTThe need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed. 相似文献
123.
Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation. 相似文献
124.
This article proposes a new, generalized travel cost based method to operationalize network accessibility provided by airports. The approach is novel as it integrates features of network topology with multiple quality aspects of scheduled air transport services into one metric. The method estimates generalized travel costs for the full set of feasible travel paths between an airport and all network destinations. Rooftop modeling accounts for schedule delay and isolates the most cost-efficient travel paths per O-D relation. Respecting the assumed arrival time preference of passengers and adjusting for destination importance, connectivity scores are derived. The method is then applied to explore changes in the global connectivity pattern of Scandinavian airports from 2004 to 2018. The results suggest distinct spatial differences throughout the network, but less pronounced in size than suggested by popularly applied connectivity measures. Findings also highlight the importance of the geographical location as a determinate of an airport’s connectivity. 相似文献
125.
Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered. 相似文献
126.
As from January 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is implementing a global 0.5% limit on the sulphur content of fuel, commonly known as the global sulphur cap. This limit is the latest policy in the efforts to reduce sulphur emissions from shipping, following the designation of emission control areas (ECAs) and other regional regulations. In this paper, a literature review is conducted of academic studies that have dealt with issues relating to the reduction of maritime sulphur emissions. Various recurring research themes are identified, spanning the areas of operations research, maritime economics and transport policy. The effects and implications of available compliance options are then analyzed from the perspectives of ship operators, shippers and consumers. Using lessons learned from the enforcement of ECA regulations, this is followed by an appraisal of various potential issues related to the enforcement of these new global regulations. It is found that a homogeneous enforcement regime is required to ensure a level playing field amongst ship operators and that the global sulphur cap may lead to serious market distortion, due to the potential short term rise of fuel prices. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for future research on sulphur emissions from shipping in the aftermath of the global cap and, looking forward, to its relationship to the IMO strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) shipping emissions. 相似文献
127.
128.
本文从科学技术研究、工程项目论证实践与经济性三方面分析了不同类型磁悬浮技术在不同国家的应用论证状况。首先综述了世界磁悬浮技术的科学研究与技术开发的进展,从应用角度分析了不同类型磁悬浮系统的技术经济特点与当前的技术成熟度;其次,调研了德国、日本、美国、荷兰、英国等国家论证过的部分磁悬浮技术应用项目,分析了这些项目的论证过程、采用的主要技术参数及相关结论,重点剖析了这些磁悬浮技术论证项目没有上马的主要原因。第三,分析了我国城市与城市间交通项目的建设环境及其特点,研究了磁悬浮技术在我国交通领域推广应用的技术经济优势及可能存在的风险。结合中国部分城市对之间的交通通道建设情况,从经济可持续发展、需求增长及其管理等不同角度分析了磁悬浮技术在这些城市对之间应用的可能性,初步测算了采用磁悬浮技术的经济性。最后,结合我国目前磁悬浮技术的研究现状,分析提出了我国研究与发展磁悬浮技术的相关对策建议。 相似文献
129.
根据对云南省公路货运站场功能、站场经营、服务对象、管理支持、客户关系、营销管理、质量管理、吞吐量、经济特性等方面的抽样调查,分析了云南省公路货运站场现状及存在的主要问题,提出了云南省公路货运站场的发展对策. 相似文献
130.
基于融合阶段响应时间的高科技产品网络优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对高科技产品生命周期各阶段市场需求特征,根据产品阶段响应点的不同,构造产品生命周期各阶段响应时间模型;在此基础上综合考虑了产品生命周期各阶段的生产成本/时间、运输成本/时间、缺货成本以及销售价格等因素,建立了以利润最大化为优化目标的多工厂、多分销中心、多市场的0-1混合整数优化模型,并利用lingo9.0软件设计算法程序求解。设计合理的供应链网络能有效增强产品竞争力、降低物流成本、提高盈利水平。 相似文献