桨-舵间距对其组合系统水动力性能的影响

本文通过CFD方法对敞水桨、桨-舵组合以及优化间距的桨-舵组合装置开展了数值仿真研究，分析了桨-舵间距对其组合系统的水动力性能影响。螺旋桨敞水工况的计算值与物理模型试验值吻合良好，验证了数值计算方法的可行性。通过对比桨-舵间距大于推荐值的三个工况，发现在较低进阶系数下系统的节能效率有稍许增加，然而随着间距的增大，节能效率呈现降低的趋势；在高进阶系数下，随间距增大节能效率逐步降低。适当减小桨-舵间距，在较低和中等进阶系数下，随间距减小节能效率呈现逐步升高的趋势，在间距减少10mm时，组合体的节能效率最大可增加1.937%；不过在高进阶系数下，随间距减小节能效率却有下降趋势。     

基于内燃动车组的混合动力匹配设计研究

针对内燃动力轨道交通在实际应用中存在的不足以及当前主要新能源技术发展现状,文章结合某内燃动车组的总体参数和配置情况,将内燃机组匹配蓄电池的混合动力方案与纯内燃机组方案进行对比分析,并对混合动力选型和配置进行了计算和分析。结果表明,混合动力匹配方案在降低整车能耗和节省燃油消耗等方面有着显著的优势。     

A driver advisory system with dynamic losses for passenger electric multiple units

Driver advisory systems, instructing the driver how to control the train in an energy efficient manner, is one the main tools for minimizing energy consumption in the railway sector. There are many driver advisory systems already available in the market, together with significant literature on the mathematical formulation of the problem. However, much less is published on the development of such mathematical formulations, their implementation in real systems, and on the empirical data from their deployment. Moreover, nearly all the designed driver advisory systems are designed as an additional hardware to be added in drivers’ cabin. This paper discusses the design of a mathematical formulation and optimization approach for such a system, together with its implementation into an Android-based prototype, the results from on-board practical experiments, and experiences from the implementation. The system is based on a more realistic train model where energy calculations take into account dynamic losses in different components of the propulsion system, contrary to previous approaches. The experimental evaluation shows a significant increase in accuracy, as compared to a previous approach. Tests on a double-track section of the Mälaren line in Sweden demonstrates a significant potential for energy saving.     

Urban single-lane roundabouts: A new analytical approach using multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization of geometry design,efficiency and safety

Building safe and effective roundabouts requires optimizing traffic (operational) efficiency (TE) and traffic safety (TS) while taking into account geometric factors, traffic characteristics and local constraints. Most existing simulation-based optimization models do not simultaneously optimize all these factors. To capture the relationship among geometry, efficiency and safety, we put forward a model formulation in this paper. We present a new multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization (MOO) model approach to optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban unsignalized single-lane roundabouts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that uses the multi-criteria decision-making method known as analytic hierarchy process to evaluate and rank traffic parameters and geometric elements of urban single-lane roundabouts. The model was built based on comprehensive review of the research literature and existing roundabout simulation software, a field survey of 61 civil and traffic expert engineers in Croatia, and field studies of roundabouts in the Croatian capital city of Zagreb. We started from the basis of Kimber’s capacity model, HCM2010 serviceability model, and Maycock and Hall's accident prediction model, which we extended by adding sensitivity analysis and powerful MOO procedures of the bounded objective function method and interactive optimization. Preliminary validation of the model was achieved by identifying the optimal and most robust of three geometric alternatives (V.1-V.3) for an unsignalized single-lane roundabout in Zagreb, Croatia. The geometric parameters in variant V.1 had significantly higher values than in the existing design V.0, while approaches 1 and 3 in variant V.2 were enlarged as much as possible within allowed spatial limits and Croatian guidelines, reflecting their higher traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis indicated that variant V.2 showed the overall highest TE and TS across the entire range of traffic flow demand and pedestrian crossing flow demand at approaches. At the same time, the number of predicted traffic accidents was similar for all three variants, although it was lowest overall for V.2. The similarity in predicted accident frequency for the three variants suggests that V.2 provides the greatest safety within the predefined constraints and parameter ranges explored in our study. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed model can optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban single-lane roundabouts.     

LED灯具在高速列车照明系统中的应用

随着我国高速铁路事业的发展,旅客对车内照明环境品质的要求越来越高,在我国高速列车照明设计中广泛采用LED灯具作为光源。通过对高速动车组车载灯具与25T型列车传统车载灯具的测试对比,总结出LED灯具在发光效率等方面相对于传统灯具的优势,为高速动车组室内照明设计提供依据。     

Integrated vehicle and powertrain optimization for passenger vehicles with vehicle-infrastructure communication

This research proposes an optimal controller to improve fuel efficiency for a vehicle equipped with automatic transmission traveling on rolling terrain without the presence of a close preceding vehicle. Vehicle acceleration and transmission gear position are optimized simultaneously to achieve a better fuel efficiency. This research leverages the emerging Connected Vehicle technology and utilizes present and future information—such as real-time dynamic speed limit, vehicle speed, location and road topography—as optimization input. The optimal control is obtained using the Relaxed Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The benefit of the proposed optimal controller is significant compared to the regular cruise control and other eco-drive systems. It varies with the hill length, grade, and the number of available gear positions. It ranges from an increased fuel saving of 18–28% for vehicles with four-speed transmission and 25–45% for vehicles with six-speed transmission. The computational time for the optimization is 1.0–2.1 s for the four-speed vehicle and 1.8–3.9 s for the six-speed vehicle, given a 50 s optimization time horizon and 0.1 s time step. The proposed controller can potentially be used in real-time.     

复杂地形条件下桥隧相连隧道洞口结构设计研究

蒙华铁路坪桥1号隧道进口洞顶基岩外凸、洞顶以下岩面高且直立、洞顶上部地形偏压高陡,地形条件极其复杂。营盘山大桥与坪桥1号隧道进口紧密相连,存在桥台与隧道洞门结构相互干扰以及边坡防护、隧道出洞和洞口场地布置等一系列难题,设计难度极大。为解决这些难题,通过对现场实际地形、地质情况进行研究,对比分析"整体式"与"分离式"桥隧相连结构的优缺点,提出桥台与隧道相结合的"整体式"桥隧相连结构方案;同时,针对地形偏压高陡,提出非对称结构设计方案,实现了隧道"零"仰坡出洞,解决了洞口边坡防护的难题;最后,提出架立临时贝雷梁的方案,解决了隧道出洞及洞口场地布置的难题。     

区域道路运输相对效率截面分析

随着区域路网的完善,其承载的道路运输业也呈现快速发展态势。在区域层面上,实现两者的良性互动,需要因地制宜,实现区域与运输业阶段性的协调决策,进而保证在全社会范围内对优化资源配置。这些分析的实现需要合适的评价方法对道路运输业投入要素与产出要素间的内在关系进行深入研究,并能对投入、产出要素进行量化控制。本文引入数据包络分析方法（Data Envelopment Analyses,简称DEA方法）,采用CCR模型（Charnes,Cooper and Rhodes Model）以各区域道路运输为决策单元;构筑各区域道路运输生产前沿面,评价各单元的相对效率,分析各要素投入的变动对产出的影响。     

飞机防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度

分析了常见的3种飞机防冰腔结构,应用Gambit软件建立了双蒙皮防冰腔结构网格模型。采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型模拟热气在防冰腔内的流动状况,采用Fluent软件进行传热效率分析,建立了防冰腔结构参数对传热效率的重要性测度模型。通过随机响应面法建立防冰腔结构参数与传热效率的函数关系,采用低分散性抽样法求解防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度,建立了防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度分析流程。分析结果表明:当笛形管中心到外蒙皮的距离从35.15mm增加到38.85mm时,传热系数由0.505减小到0.463;当双蒙皮通道高度从2.85mm增加到3.15mm时,传热系数由0.495减小到0.476;当射流孔孔径从1.90mm增加到2.10mm时,传热系数从0.505减小到0.494;当射流孔角度从14.25°增加到15.75°时,传热系数从0.476增加到0.494。防冰腔结构参数的重要性排序依次为射流孔角度、笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离、射流孔孔径、双蒙皮通道高度,在防冰腔结构加工与装配过程中,需要重点考虑射流孔角度与笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离这2个参数。