The value of real-time traffic information in urban freight distribution

Routes optimization in urban freight distribution is usually an off-line process based on the knowledge of historical conditions on the network. Real-time data provided by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) enable online re-optimization on the basis of actual traffic conditions.

?This paper evaluates the added value generated by re-optimizing the off-line solution with real-time information. The study is carried out for a practical application to the freight distribution of perishable goods in the city of Rome (Italy). The off-line problem is formulated as a vehicle routing problem with soft time windows while in the online problem it is also allowed to skip some customers or to re-sequence the deliveries. Both versions are solved with different algorithms and with different data sets. Results can be used to evaluate the potential return on investment on the acquisition of different kinds of traffic data. At the same time, results can be of interest for information providers, to fix the price of off-line and online information and/or to estimate the associated potential market share.     

Connecting e-hailing to mass transit platform: Analysis of relative spatial position

This paper analyzes and compares two different relative spatial position (RSP) designs in an integrated e-hailing/fixed-route transit system: a zone-based design that operates e-hailing vehicles within a zone, and a line-based design that operates e-hailing vehicles along a fixed-route transit line and with a stable headway. To conduct a meaningful comparison, the optimal design problems for both systems are formulated using a same analytical framework based on the continuous approximation approach. A comprehensive numerical experiment is performed to compare various cost components corresponding to the optimal designs, and a discrete-event simulation model is developed to validate the analysis. The analytical and simulation results agree with each other well, with a discrepancy in the total system cost less than 5% in most test scenarios. These results also suggest that the line-based system consistently outperforms the zone-based system in terms of both agency and user costs, for all scenarios tested. Compared to the zone-based design, the line-based design features a sparser fixed-route network (resulting in larger stop spacing) but a higher dispatching frequency. It is concluded that the higher efficiency of the line-based design is likely derived from the strategy of operating e-hailing vehicles with a more regular route/headway structure and allowing ride-sharing.     

多GPS铁道轨迹信息融合算法研究

用于列车控制的GPS(Global Positioning System)电子地图需要高精度的轨道数据。由于采集高精度轨道数据所需要的GPS接收机成本过高,研究融合多个低精度的GPS轨迹自动生成高精度轨迹具有重要的应用价值。已有的多轨迹融合算法存在计算过于复杂、计算时间过长和适用范围窄等问题。在主曲线理论的基础上并具有两个高精度固定端点的特征,本文对多GPS铁道轨迹信息融合算法做了进一步研究,采用在最大误差区域增加顶点和局部优化顶点位置的方法,提出一种改进的融合算法。通过实测铁路轨道GPS数据和复杂形状的模拟数据验证,结果表明,改进的融合算法可以有效地融合多个低精度的GPS轨迹自动生成高精度轨迹,并加快计算速度,减少存储空间,增加了适用范围。     

大型工程建设项目管理信息化方法探讨

通过对国内大型工程建设项目管理现状及项目管理信息化的调查,分析项目进度计划管理、成本计划管理、计划跟踪和合同执行控制管理所采用的信息化方法,在此基础上提出项目管理信息化所遇到的困难和解决方案,强调项目管理采用信息化的手段和方法不仅符合时代潮流,而且还是项目国际化、规范化的需要。     

知识经济——21世纪高校图书馆的机遇和挑战

阐述了知识经济的有关问题及高等教育在知识经济中的重要地位。目前 ,在全球范围内兴起的知识经济 ,正是图书馆发展的重大机遇 ,而技术的进步和其它信息机构的出现 ,又使图书馆发展面临严峻的挑战     

国外主要大城市轨道交通客运服务特色的启示

标准化是城市轨道交通实现一体化、网络化的基础和前提。介绍了城市轨道交通客运服务的内容，从列车运营、票制设定、车辆设施、站厅环境、信息服务以及主管部门等方面总结了纽约、伦敦、巴黎和东京等主要大城市的地铁客运服务方面的成果和经验。指出服务标准化是保证和提高轨道交通客运服务水平的必要手段，提出制定我国地铁客运服务标准化的建议。     

现代高速列车维修新进展

论述了现代高速列车维修的新观念和新发展,其中包括高速列车维修的系统工程观点、故障和维修质量的新观念;高速列车维修制度的发展及其维修制度改革;阐明了高速列车维修相关技术的新进展,其中包括高速列车维修性设计、诊断技术、维修信息系统和维修基地。     

图书馆为科研提供信息服务的探讨

针对高职院校发展的新形势,图书馆如何及时转换角色,更新服务理念,深化服务内涵,积极配合学院科研工作,为科研人员提供情报信息服务,给研究者当好"耳目""参谋""助手",本文就这些问题进行了探讨。     

区域性道路运输服务体系构建的初步思考

区域性道路运输服务体系的建设对于区域经济的发展有重要的意义。文章探索了构建区域道路服务体系的必要性、战略思考、措施以及政府应发挥的作用。     

放宽条件定点集结模式下编组站车辆集结排队系统分析

集结模式决定了货车集结过程的结束条件，定点集结是一种高效率的集结方式，有利于提高运输质量.针对放宽条件定点集结模式下编组站车辆集结过程，建立离散时间批到达批服务排队模型，利用嵌入式马尔可夫链方法求得离去时刻瞬时系统集结车辆队长分布，并求得任意时刻车辆集结队长分布，在此基础上分别分析了最小编成辆数，车组大小分布，车流到达强度，服务时间间隔分布对车辆平均集结队长，集结延误时间，效率，一昼夜发送车流量等系统指标的影响.分析结果表明，各因素对车辆集结排队系统影响明显.因此，利用本文提出的模型能为编组站的精细化管理和车流组织优化提供决策参考.