在役丁烯-1球罐声发射检测

为确保在役丁烯-1球罐的使用安全性,制定了以声发射检测为主的检验方案。在球罐外表面布置50只传感器,采用2次加压循环过程对在役丁烯-1球罐进行声发射检测,仪器自动记录各加载阶段出现的数据信号并进行定位计算。通过对声发射源进行强度和活性分析,未发现活性声发射源信号,综合声发射检测结果和使用情况,该球罐安全状况良好,可继续使用。同时为保证使用安全,建议在使用期间做好年度检查工作,在适当时机开罐进行全面检验。     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

An operational activity-based method to estimate CO2 emissions from container shipping considering empty container repositioning

This paper develops an operational activity-based method to estimate CO₂ emissions from container shipping in contrasts to the traditional aggregated activity-based method. Two case studies investigate the impacts of empty container repositioning policies and port handling capacity on CO₂ emission index. The results show that the aggregated method could well overestimate CO₂ emissions and the operational activity-based method is more appropriate. The paper also demonstrates that high port-handling capacity and efficient empty container repositioning could reduce CO₂ emissions in seaborne container transportation.     

The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand

This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.

公路生态系统服务功能分析及评估

文章探讨了公路生态系统的生态服务功能,提出价值评估指标体系及定量评估方法,为公路生态系统的恢复或重建提供理论依据,对全面、正确评价公路生态系统有积极意义。     

施工企业工程项目劳务分包管理

在市场经济的今天,施工企业如何防微杜渐,查找施工管理中存在的漏洞,加强工程劳务分包管理工作,已成为企业决策者和经营者不断探索和研究的新课题。此文对劳务分包管理中的机构组成、单价确立、工程计量及款项支付等问题进行了探讨。     

北京市域快线主要技术指标研究

分析现阶段北京轨道交通发展现状,提出研究市域轨道交通主要技术指标的必要性。北京市域快线具有服务半径大、旅行时间长、运行速度快、服务水平高等特点,把市域快线特点需求归纳为需求层、服务层、系统层3个层次,提出北京市域快线最高速度、旅行速度、行车间隔、车辆定员、车辆参数等指标。     

考虑出行行为的机场轨道交通服务水平优化方法

为实现机场轨道交通运能利用率与服务水平、运营收益之间的有效平衡,提出了考虑机场旅客出行方式选择行为的机场轨道交通服务水平优化方法。融合反映行为惯性的显示性偏好（revealed preference,RP）依赖与陈述性偏好（stated preference,SP）依赖变量,以及与行为惯性相关的其他变量（如常住人口、换乘难度等）,构建考虑行为惯性的嵌套Logit（nested Logit,NL）模型模拟旅客前往机场过程中的陆侧出行方式选择行为。在NL模型的基础上构建机场轨道交通服务水平优化模型探讨轨道交通票价、发车间隔、高峰小时满载率等服务水平要素与轨道交通分担率、轨道交通运营企业收益之间的互动关系,提出相应的机场轨道交通服务水平优化方案。以西安市为例进行实证研究,结果表明：①受访者的SP问卷调查结果受行为惯性的影响,即受访者实际发生过的出行方式选择行为和先前的SP问卷调查选择结果会对受访者当下的SP问卷调查结果产生正向影响,且前者的影响程度大于后者;②考虑行为惯性的NL模型相较传统不考虑行为惯性的多项Logit（multinomial Logit,MNL）模型,可有效提升模型精度40.86%;③优化模型可经枚举法求解,若将案例城市当前机场轨道交通的拥挤程度（“有些拥挤”）优化至“临界状态”评价标准,为使轨道交通分担率不降低的同时客票收入最大化,则发车间隔缩小1 min前提下,地铁票价增幅建议为3元。     

地铁车辆现代化升级改造的发展趋势与问题探讨

首先阐述国内外地铁车辆的发展状况和升级改造的项目案例,然后结合国内城市地铁市场的发展现状,以及运维后市场的重要性,提出延长车辆使用寿命、功能升级改造将是国内地铁车辆市场长期健康发展的必然趋势;同时提出车辆升级改造过程中应注意的问题以及发展的方向,为后续车辆升级改造项目提供一定的指引.     

浅谈金融危机下海事监管对策

文中通过透视2008年金融危机所引起的航运业的潮起潮落,指出了航运业与造船业在不景气的情况下所存在的问题,并分析了在这特殊时段海事部门应当如何做好监管与服务工作,提出了笔者一点浅显的意见。