快速公交专用车道及站台布设模式选择

专用车道和站台是快速公交系统（BRT）重要的设施要素,对其布设模式进行了研究。从3种典型的布设模式入手,即中央专用车道＋岛式站台、中央专用车道＋侧式站台、路侧专用车道＋侧式站台,分析其规划设计要点、模式优缺点、适用性等。总结快速公交系统规划过程中影响专用车道及站台布设模式选择的因素,包括BRT在城市中的功能定位、道路条件、交通量等方面。以南宁市快速公交线网规划中专用车道及站台的规划设计为例,对其布设模式选择、专用车道及站台的布设进行分析。     

珠江三角洲城市群连接道路功能分级体系研究

以珠江三角洲为例,分析了城市群区域交通特征、交通空间分布特征等;基于交通区位论和经济引力模型,确定了珠江三角洲城市群连接道路交通网络框架;以功能为核心,将城市群连接道路功能划分为通道功能、干线功能、集散功能和服务地方功能4个层次;进行了功能分级,划分为高速公路、城市群连接道路I级、城市群连接道路II级、城市群连接道路Ⅲ级、地方道路5个等级,建立了城市群连接道路功能分级体系。     

基于CNS定位误差的侧向碰撞风险模型

为了有效地确定航路安全间隔与评估碰撞风险, 研究了基于通信、导航、监视(CNS) 定位误差的侧向碰撞风险问题。运用多维随机变量协方差矩阵, 给出了CNS性能环境下侧向定位误差分布函数, 建立了给定间隔下基于CNS定位误差的侧向碰撞风险模型, 并对侧向碰撞风险进行了评估计算。计算结果表明: 某航路侧向碰撞风险为4.8×10^-13, 在安全目标水平5.0×10^-9之内, 因此, 该航路在现有的CNS性能环境下满足安全目标水平要求。     

Traffic and emissions impact of congestion charging in the central Beijing urban area: A simulation analysis

Congestion charging is being considered as a potential measure to address the issue of substantially increased traffic congestion and vehicle emissions in Beijing. This study assessed the impact of congestion charging on traffic and emissions in Beijing using macroscopic traffic simulation and vehicle emissions calculation. Multiple testing scenarios were developed with assumptions in different charging zone sizes, public transit service levels and charging methods. Our analysis results showed that congestion charging in Beijing may increase public transit use by approximately 13%, potentially reduce CO and HC emissions by 60–70%, and reduce NOx emissions by 35–45% within the charging zone. However, congestion charging may also result in increased travel activities and emissions outside of the charging zone and a slight increase in emissions for the entire urban area. The size of charging zone, charging method, and charging rate are key factors that directly influence the impact of congestion charging; improved public transit service needs to be considered as a complementary approach with congestion charging. This study is used by Beijing Transportation Environment and Energy Center (BTEC) as reference to support the development of Beijing’s congestion charging policy and regulation.     

Adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: Influence from neighbors,family and coworkers

During the last years, many governments have set targets for increasing the share of biofuels in the transportation sector. Understanding consumer behavior is essential in designing policies that efficiently increase the uptake of cleaner technologies. In this paper we analyze adopters and non-adopters of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). We use diffusion of innovation theory and the established notion that the social system and interpersonal influence play important roles in adoption. Based on a nationwide database of car owners we analyze interpersonal influence on adoption from three social domains: neighbors, family and coworkers. The results point primarily at a neighbor effect in that AFV adoption is more likely if neighbors also have adopted. The results also point at significant effects of interpersonal influence from coworkers and family members but these effects weaken or disappear when income, education level, marriage, age, gender and green party votes are controlled for. The results extend the diffusion of innovation and AFV literature with empirical support for interpersonal influence based on objective data where response bias is not a factor. Implications for further research, environmental and transport policy, and practitioners are discussed.     

绕线型异步电动机转子绕组事故分析和预防

对绕线型异步电动机转子绕组常见事故的分析,提出了具体的防治措施。     

单线区段列车运行图的自动化调整方法

介绍了在列车运行情况已知的条件下, 在(t₁, t₂]时间域内对列车运行图的自动化调整方法, 提出了用列车晚点加权总时分作为评价列车运行图调整优劣的指标, 并建立了指标优化的数学模型和简化模型。把简化模型构成网络图, 并使用分支定界法设计了列车运行图调整的算法。通过模拟编程验证, 该算法可行、有效, 能在较短的时间内得出较理想的3~4 h列车运行图。     

Predicting the adoption of connected autonomous vehicles: A new approach based on the theory of diffusion of innovations

On the grounds that individuals heavily rely on the information that they receive from their peers when evaluating adoption of a radical innovation, this paper proposes a new approach to forecast long-term adoption of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The concept of resistance is employed to explain why individuals typically tend to defer the adoption of an innovation. We assume that there exists a social network among individuals through which they communicate based on certain frequencies. In addition, individuals can be subject to media advertisement based on certain frequencies. An individual’s perceptions are dynamic and change over time as the individual is exposed to advertisement and communicates with satisfied and dissatisfied adopters. We also explicitly allow willingness-to-pay (WTP) to change as a result of peer-to-peer communication. An individual decides to adopt when (i) there is a need for a new vehicles; (ii) his/her WTP is greater than CAV price; and (iii) his/her overall impression about CAVs reaches a cutoff value. Applicability of the proposed approach is shown using a survey of employees of the University of Memphis. Our results show that the automobile fleet will be near homogenous in about 2050 only if CAV prices decrease at an annual rate of 15% or 20%. We find that a 6-month pre-introduction marketing campaign may have no significant impact on adoption trend. Marketing is shown to ignite CAV diffusion but its effect is capped. CAV market share will be close to 100% only if all adopters are satisfied with their purchases; therefore, the probability that an individual becomes a satisfied adopter plays an important role in the trend of adoption. The effect of the latter probability is more pronounced as time goes by and is also more prominent when CAV price reduces at greater rates. Some caveats may be inserted when considering the study results as the findings are subject to sample bias and data limitations.     

A systematic analysis of multimodal transport systems with road space distribution and responsive bus service

A smart design of transport systems involves efficient use and allocation of the limited urban road capacity in the multimodal environment. This paper intends to understand the system-wide effect of dividing the road space to the private and public transport modes and how the public transport service provider responds to the space changes. To this end, the bimodal dynamic user equilibrium is formulated for separated road space. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) model is employed to depict the dynamics of the automobile traffic for its state-dependent feature, its inclusion of hypercongestion, and its advantage of capturing network topology. The delay of a bus trip depends on the running speed which is in turn affected by bus lane capacity and ridership. Within the proposed bimodal framework, the steady-state equilibrium traffic characteristics and the optimal bus fare and service frequency are analytically derived. The counter-intuitive properties of traffic condition, modal split, and behavior of bus operator in the hypercongestion are identified. To understand the interaction between the transport authority (for system benefit maximization) and the bus operator (for its own benefit maximization), we examine how the bus operator responds to space changes and how the system benefit is influenced with the road space allocation. With responsive bus service, the condition, under which expanding bus lane capacity is beneficial to the system as a whole, has been analytically established. Then the model is applied to the dynamic framework where the space allocation changes with varying demand and demand-responsive bus service. We compare the optimal bus services under different economic objectives, evaluate the system performance of the bimodal network, and explore the dynamic space allocation strategy for the sake of social welfare maximization.