一种病毒性哮喘模型制作方法的建立及评价

目的评价用呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)诱导鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏,建立小鼠急性病毒性哮喘模型的方法及效果。方法BALB/c小鼠100只,随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS/PBS)对照组、PBS/RSV组、RSV/RSV组、OVA/PBS组和OVA/RSV组5组。应用OVA多点注射致敏、OVA气道雾化吸入结合RSV滴鼻激发复制急性病毒性哮喘模型。观察小鼠哮喘急性发作症状;动物体描箱法测定乙酰胆碱(Ach)激发条件下气道反应性(以肺阻力RL表示);支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)作细胞分类计数;HE染色观察肺组织病理变化。结果①以45、135、405μg/mL Ach激发时,与其他各组比较,OVA/RSV组RL均显著升高(P均<0.01);②BALF中炎性细胞分类计数,与其他各组比较,OVA/RSV组的细胞总数、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞均显著升高(P均<0.01);③OVA/RSV组的肺组织病变程度重于其他各组(P均<0.01)。结论RSV诱导OVA致敏的方法建立小鼠急性病毒性哮喘模型是成功的。     

The clinical role of increase of serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 concentration in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective To study the clinical role of the variation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)concentration in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods ELISA method was adopted to detect serum MMP-8 concentration and to observe concentration's differences and features among 80 selected ACS cases (43 acute myocardial infarction and 37 unstable angina pectoris), 43 stable angina pectoris (SAP) cases and 37 control cases.And meanwhile the atherosclerosis risk factors of each case, such as age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, smoking,family history, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were collected and analyzed as a whole. Results First, serum MMP-8 concentration reached the highest point in ACS, and there was significant difference between SAP and control groups (P<0.01). Second, sermn MMP-8 in AMI was much higher than that in UAP with significant difference (P<0.01). There was no difference between UAP and SAP groups (P>0.05). Third, Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum MMP-8 concentration might be the indicator of ACS (B=4.493, P=0.000), particularly, that of AMI (B=9.961,P=0.000). Fourth, linear correlation and linear regression analysis found that only neutrophil was likely to influence serum MMP-8 concentration (r=0.274, P=0.001). Fifth, in the diagnosis of ACS, the area under ROC curve of MMP-8 was 0.785, the sensitivity and specificity were 68.6% and 76.5%, respectively. Conclusion ① Serum MMP-8 concentration has close relationship with the occurrence of ACS, particularly with AMI;② Serum MMP-8 concentration may be one of the predicting indicators of ACS and particularly of AMI;③ Neutrophil may be correlated with serum MMP-8 concentration;④ MMP-8 is of somewhat valuable in diagnosing ACS.     

急性脊髓损伤中内皮素与钙离子变化的关系

目的　通过观察急性脊髓损伤 (Acutespinalinjury ,ASI)后脊髓组织的细胞内钙含量和血浆内皮素 (Endothelin ,ET)含量的变化 ,探讨ET与Ca2 +在ASI发病机制的关系。方法　选用Wistar雄性大鼠 2 8只 ,应用改良Allen s方法 ,制成脊髓损伤模型 ,造成T1 2 脊椎节段脊髓 5g×1 0cm中度损伤的ASI后 ,分别应用原子吸收光谱分析法和放射免疫法测定ASI后 1、4、8、2 4、72和 1 68h脊髓组织中钙离子含量和血浆中ET浓度。结果　损伤节段组织细胞内钙离子含量及血浆中ET浓度均随病程而改变 ,于 8～ 72h达高峰 ,与正常值有显著性差异。结论　ASI后脊髓组织中细胞内Ca2 +含量及血浆中ET浓度迅速升高 ,提示ET受体阻滞剂与钙离子拮抗剂联合使用为治疗ASI提供了新的途径。     

《国际危规》34-08版修正案生效后包装运输环境有害物质的分类简介

第34—08版《国际危规》于2009年1月1日开始全球自愿实施,12个月后强制实施。环境有害物质的分类方法和标准调整之后,如何做好我国对环境有害物质的检测和分类工作,构建合理可行的监管体系,将直接关系到规则强制生效后的履约质量。文中对纯净物和混合物分类方法分别作了介绍。     

Relationship between peritoneal macrophages and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis

Objective To investigate the relationship between peritoneal macrophages (PMAs) and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and SAP group. To induce SAP in rats, 40 g/L sodium taurocholate (0.1 mL/100 g) was injected into the pancreatic duct through retrograde exposure of pancreatic bile duct in hepatic porta. One-third of rats were sacrificed at 3, 6 or 12 h after modeling. PMAs were extracted, and incubated for 24 h in a humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in PMAs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were evaluated.The histological changes of pancreas were examined. Rosults The expressions of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in PMAs were significantly higher in SAP group than in control group at each time point (P<0.01). The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were significantly elevated in SAP group compared with control group (P<0.01). The histological analysis of pancreas indicated that the damage was more severe in SAP group than in cuntrol group (P<0.01). Conclusion PMAs secrete cytokines into pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid, and this study demonstrates a correlation between SAP and the activation of PMAs.     

重症脑出血早期肠外营养的前瞻性病例对照研究

采用前瞻性病例对照的方法 ,对 38例重症脑出血患者早期肠外营养支持的作用与价值进行研究。研究组与对照组各 19例。研究组在常规治疗的基础上 ,早期使用肠外营养 (Parenteral nutrition,PN)的方法进行营养支持 ,连续使用 7d。而对照组在常规治疗的基础上 ,仅用葡萄糖、胰岛素和适量的电解质。两组同时监测血清白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡 ,使用 APACHE 评分系统进行病情危重程度的评估。结果发现两组的各项指标均有显著性差异。同时记录两组治疗 10日内的死亡数、并发感染数以及褥疮发生数。发现研究组的病死数、感染与褥疮发生数明显少于对照组。因此认为对重症脑出血患者进行早期肠外营养支持 ,不但能改善患者的应激性营养代谢紊乱 ,而且能提高临床疗效 ,减少并发症。     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

心房钠尿肽对气管移植兔急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的探索心房钠尿肽(ANP)对新西兰兔气管移植后肺损伤的影响。方法 24只健康成年新西兰白兔随机分为2组,ANP组和对照组,均进行带支撑环的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)替代物气管移植手术,术后第3日处死后,检测肺湿/干比(W/D)和动脉血氧分压,光镜下观察肺组织结构的变化。结果与对照组比较,ANP组肺湿/干比显著减少(P<0.05),且肺动脉氧分压显著升高(P<0.05),肺组织学观察发现,肺水肿改变在对照组较ANP组更加显著。结论 ANP能够有效减轻PTFE气管移植兔的术后急性肺损伤。     

普湾大桥耐久性设计

以普湾大桥为例,详细介绍了在严寒地区海洋环境中桥梁的耐久性设计方法。针对不同混凝土腐蚀环境分区,采用不同的防腐蚀措施,其中包括采用高性能海工耐久性混凝土、混凝土表面涂层、混凝土结构硅烷表面浸渍等。希望通过本桥的耐久性设计方法,能给同类型桥梁设计提供参考。     

实验性大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎合并肺损伤TXB_2/PGF_(1α)平衡的变化

采用胰腺被膜下注射5％牛磺胆酸钠复制急性坏死性胰腺炎合并肺损伤模型。用放射免疫方法测定血浆和肺组织的TXB2（ThromboxaneB2）、6-Keto－PGF1α（6-Ke－to－prostagland1α）水平。结果显示：随着肺损伤程度加重，血浆和肺组织的TXB2（血栓素B2）值明显升高，6-Keto－PGF1α（6-酮-前列环素1α）变化不明显，TXB2／6-Keto－PGF1α比值显著升高，表明TXB2／6-Keto－PGF1α平衡的改变可能是急性坏死性胰腺炎并发肺损伤的主要作用机制之一。