The impacts of mass transit on land development in China: The case of Beijing

Land development impacts of mass transit have long been studied in the developed economies. Yet relatively little is known by the outside world about the Chinese experience due to China's rather short history in the development of modern mass transit and land/property market. This paper attempts to fill the gap by presenting evidence from China, with a detailed case study of Beijing. Selecting three newly built suburban transit lines in Beijing, the study examined land development context and estimated hedonic housing price models to measure the proximity premiums associated with these three lines. The empirical evidence in Beijing, one of the first tier mass transit cities in China, shows that investments in mass transit can have significant and positive impacts on land development. Properties with transit proximity enjoy sizable price or value premiums. The study also confirms the international experience: transit impacts on land development are unlikely to occur automatically; they rely greatly on supportive regional and site conditions. Integrated planning and design for mass transit and land development are critical to expand and maximize the return of transit investments.     

基于可变泊位容量的停车收费定价模型研究

在分析路内外停车泊位容量变化的基础上,分别以社会效益最大化为目标,财务盈利和满足社会需求为约束条件,建立了基于可变泊位容量的路内停车定价模型;以经济利润最大化为目标,采用平均成本定价法,建立了基于可变泊位容量的路外停车定价模型.针对模型,分别通过拉格朗日算法和平均值算法.以广州市和上海市停车场为例计算停车收费价格,证明模型的可靠性.     

Travel demand estimation risk for high‐speed railway transport considering travel price competition

The Hokkaido Shinkansen (HS) bullet train line is under consideration to open in 2020. In this study, travel demand is estimated for the HS. Because some explanatory variables that are used for such estimation can have estimation errors, travel demand estimation risk is also calculated. In addition, because the HS can compete with airlines for modal share, the impacts of travel price competition (TPC) on the travel demand and the demand estimation risk are also estimated. In this study, the travel demand estimation risk is measured as the variance or the SD of the stochastic travel demand. The analysis reveals the following: the modal share of HS is 16% less when TPC is considered than when it is not considered; TPC causes the travel demand estimation risk to decrease; the probabilities of the HS operating at a deficit with and without consideration of TPC are calculated as 31.2% and 1.25%, respectively, and the increase in the mean consumer surplus accruing from the HS is calculated as JPY 47bn/year ($US588m/year) without TPC and as JPY 66bn/year ($US825m/year) with TPC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in air passengers’ buying behaviour: findings from Korean and Australian international passengers

Abstract

This paper investigates how air passengers’ expectations, ticket price, airline service quality, value, passenger satisfaction and airline image determine their buying behaviour. To test the conceptual frameworks, path analysis was applied to data collected from Korean and Australian international passengers to examine differences between these two groups. Further analyses were undertaken on different passenger segments between national and foreign airline passengers. The results of the path analysis reveal that air passengers’ buying behaviour differs significantly between Korean and Australian international passengers. Results also reveal that the determinants of air passengers’ buying behaviour differ by airlines.     

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为深入分析航空公司动态价格竞争的复杂性,运用非线性动力学的分支理论,构建了基于差异化的航空公司动态价格竞争模型,依据动力学稳定性判定条件,讨论了该模型均衡点的存在性、存在个数与稳定性,数值仿真了不同条件下模型复杂的动力学行为.仿真结果表明,航空公司价格调整速度对模型的稳定性有明显的影响,一旦价格调整速度超过某一临界值,系统将表现出分岔、混沌等复杂的动力学现象;与Nash均衡利润相比,在混沌状态下航空公司的利润均显著下降;差异化战略对航空公司定价、利润有重要影响,保持和加强对竞争对手的差异化优势有助于自身获得更大的市场竞争优势.     

价格指数法调整利用外资铁路建设项目土建工程价差的操作方法

根据以往铁路建设项目利用外资土建工程采用价格指数法调整价差的实际情况，通过和铁道部实行的价差系数法进行价差调整进行对比分析。归纳出价格指数法调整价差存在的7个方面的差异和问题。分别为调整范围的差异，非调整因子的差异，调整年度的差异，劳务费调整的差异，钢材、木材、水泥及其他材料权重的差异，机械使用费调整的差异，调差地区划分的差异。并针对上述差异和问题进行分析，找出存在差异的主要影响因素，总结出一套既符合铁路项目投资管理及真实反映工程造价水平，又符合铁路实际情况及与国际惯例接轨的外资土建工程价格调整公式。     

采用BT模式筹建农村公路的审计重点分析

近年来,广西逐步推广BT模式建设农村公路,以达到融资和加快农村公路建设的目的。文章分析了BT模式建设与传统代建制方式建设在建设程序与资金管理方面的区别,并结合案例分析,提出了BT模式下农村公路建设的审计重点。     

基于碳排放的城市轨道交通环境效益货币化方法研究

对城市轨道交通客流构成进行分析,分正、负效益两方面研究环境效益作用机理,构建基于转移意愿的碳排放量化模型;考虑未来碳排放作为稀缺资源,引入影子价格的计算公式,提出适合轨道交通碳排放影子价格的计算方法;最终组合构建轨道交通环境效益量化模型。模型以南宁轨道交通2号线为例进行了计算,得出南宁地铁中期某年的环境效益货币值,验证了模型的可行性。该模型将环境效益转化为经济效益值,可以促进行业节能低碳化进程,并可为政府对城市轨道交通的补贴额度和方式提供参考依据。     

公路工程招标合理低价法投标体会

为争取较高的中标机会,招标企业应加强对以往投标工作经验教训的总结分析,认真细致地研究招标文件,掌握投标项目的实际情况和所面临的形势。结合我国某公路工程"合理低价法"招标项目投标方式,介绍其投标报价的应对思路和分析决策方法。     

公路工程招标合理低价法评标的改进方法

现行的公路工程招标合理低价法评标中存在一些问题,分析合理低价法评标中存在的投标人质量下降、围标串标时有发生、工程造价计算不准确等不合理现象,并从资格预审审查、开标评标方法、投标限价、重新招标条件、业绩公示、信用评价、分包要求等方面提出具体的改进措施,为公路工程招标提供借鉴。