Optimality of environmental policies in air transport markets and changes in the schedule delay: A theoretical approach

Air transport provides essential services in modern economies, though it produces significant negative external effects on the environment. Air quality, greenhouse gas emissions and noise are the main issues. The current environmental regulatory practice in air transport usually devises policy interventions for each externality in isolation disregarding their impact on the schedule delay, which in turn affects the consumers’ generalized price and social welfare. In this paper we develop a theoretical model that shows that such an approach is inadequate, and may lead to the choice of wrong environmental policies.     

上海港外贸集装箱装卸价格策略研究

面对市场激励的竞争,提出上海外贸集装箱装卸价格策略应定位在以竞争为主的价格策略,叙述了几种不同的价格调整策略,最后介绍了要实施所制定价格调整策略,所必需的保障措施。     

基于日照阴影识别的桁式拱肋三维温度场模拟方法

为精确高效地识别桁式拱肋的阴影分布范围并准确计算日照温度场,在传统三维温度场计算方法的基础上,引入三角形重心坐标及栅格加速结构,形成一套高效三维温度场模拟方法。首先,将光线追踪技术的阴影识别算法嵌入ABAQUS软件的自定义热源(DFLUX)子程序,实现了三维日照温度场的数值模拟,给出了详细的计算流程并验证了该方法的准确性;其次,选取高效的相交算法与合理的栅格划分方式解决了复杂结构桥梁阴影识别计算量庞大、计算效率低下的问题;最后,利用该方法计算了桁式拱肋的日照温度场并量化了温度效应。结果表明：提出的模拟方法可以实现阴影的精确识别与结构三维温度场的准确计算,通过引入基于栅格加速结构的三角形重心坐标法可以有效减少阴影识别的计算量,显著提升计算效率;日照阴影对桁式拱肋温度场及温度效应的影响不容忽视,考虑日照阴影后：下弦杆温度纵向波动十分显著,且波动幅度随着太阳辐射强度的增强逐渐增加,相邻的光照、阴影区域最大温差达13.0 ℃,拱肋竖向位移减小19%,上弦管上缘应力最大增加12.9 MPa,下弦管上缘由受压状态转变为受拉状态,应力差值达39.1 MPa;桁式拱肋的日照温度效应十分突出,日照温度作用下拱顶位移变化幅度达76 mm,较钢管混凝土拱肋拱圈施工允许误差大26 mm,最大温度应力达58.7 MPa,为恒载效应的3倍,叠加温度效应后钢管最大初应力为110 MPa,为空管稳定承载应力的32%;提出的模拟方法在桁式拱肋日照温度效应分析中得到了成功应用,亦可应用于大跨复杂结构的施工线形精细化控制、健康监测数据的温度响应分离及结构损伤识别中的温度模态频率剔除等多个场景。     

集装箱码头价格管理初探

简述集装箱码头价格的相关概念,分析集装箱码头价格管理现状及费收存在的诸多问题,并提出相应对策。     

招投标机制的本质及最低价中标法的理论分析

根据建设市场的信息特征,剖析了招投标机制的本质与功能,在此基础上对最低价中标法进行了理论分析,最低价中标法是市场经济条件下的最优招标机制,结合目前我国建筑市场的大环境,探讨了最低价中标法在我国建设市场中的应用与前景,最低价中标法是我国建设市场交易方式发展的必然趋势。     

市政道路工程前期阶段快速组价方法与动态调整

如何在工程前期阶段利用估算指标或调整后的估算指标快速、准确地测算出申报立项工程的工程投资,是决策者、投资者、设计者关注的重要问题。此文探讨根据行业规程、规范和市政建设工程概预算定额,建立市政道路结构层估算指标测算标准库,利用估算结构层指标标准库进行快速组价的方法及适用范围。通过某工程立项阶段的投资估算与初步设计、施工图设计阶段编制的概预算进行对比,验证该方法具有合理性和准确性。     

BT模式下合同价款方式的确定及价款调整

BT模式在我国已被广泛采用,但BT项目合同价款的确定和调整一直是BT双方合同谈判的核心.从合同类型的选择模型出发,结合国内工程项目的合同类型,论证BT模式下合同价款方式的确定和合同价款调整的办法,并对国内某地铁BT项目进行实证分析.结果表明,其研究结论可为我国其他BT项目合同价款方式的确定及价款调整的管理提供一定的实证...     

Explaining “peak car” with economic variables

Many western countries have seen a plateau and subsequent decrease of car travel during the 21st century. What has generated particular interest and debate is the statement that the development cannot be explained by changes in traditional explanatory factors such as GDP and fuel prices. Instead, it has been argued, the observed trends are indications of substantial changes in lifestyles, preferences and attitudes to car travel; what we are experiencing is not just a temporary plateau, but a true “peak car”. However, this study shows that the traditional variables GDP and fuel price are in fact sufficient to explain the observed trends in car traffic in all the countries included in our study: the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Sweden and (to a large extent) Australia and Germany. We argue that the importance of the fuel price increases in the early 2000s has been underappreciated in the studies that shaped the later debate. Results also indicate that GDP elasticities tend to decrease with rising GDP, and that fuel price elasticities tend to increase at high price levels and during periods of rapid price increases.