A day-to-day route flow evolution process towards the mixed equilibria

This study investigates a travelers’ day-to-day route flow evolution process under a predefined market penetration of advanced traveler information system (ATIS). It is assumed that some travelers equipped with ATIS will follow the deterministic user equilibrium route choice behavior due to the complete traffic information provided by ATIS, while the other travelers unequipped with ATIS will follow the stochastic user equilibrium route choice behavior. The interaction between these two groups of travelers will result in a mixed equilibrium state. We first propose a discrete day-to-day route flow adjustment process for this mixed equilibrium behavior by specifying the travelers’ route adjustment principle and adjustment ratio. The convergence of the proposed day-to-day flow dynamic model to the mixed equilibrium state is then rigorously demonstrated under certain assumptions upon route adjustment principle and adjustment ratio. In addition, without affecting the convergence of the proposed day-to-day flow dynamic model, the assumption concerning the adjustment ratio is further relaxed, thus making the proposed model more appealing in practice. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed day-to-day flow dynamic model.     

Are we successful in reducing vehicle miles traveled in air quality nonattainment areas?

An important planning and policy question in the transportation, energy, and environment areas is whether or not air quality control and the associated funding preference and mitigation efforts to attain air quality conformity have indeed led to traveler behavior changes such as reduction in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or VMT growth rates. In this research, we develop statistical models to analyze the relationship between air quality nonattainment designation and VMT between 1966 and 2004 based on observed data. These models employ different statistical methods, including hypothesis testing and simultaneous equations. Findings from these statistical models and datasets are consistent, and suggest there is a statistically significant negative correlation between nonattainment designation and VMT/VMT growth. For instance, the simultaneous equation model in this research, suggests that if a nonattainment area and an attainment area that are similar in all other aspects (population composition, socio-economics, urbanization, fuel price, vehicle stock, etc.) are compared, the VMT in the nonattainment area will be 1.80% less than that in the attainment area in the short run, and 7.61% less in the long run. While these results show strong statistical evidence that efforts in reducing VMT in nonattainment areas have been successful, future research should be conducted to attribute the VMT reduction effects to specific policy instruments for decision-making (e.g. the Congestion Management and Air Quality Improvement program, the conformity regulation in the transportation planning process, etc.).     

疲劳荷载和冻融循环耦合作用下路面混凝土微裂缝扩展行为

为了定量表征与分析在疲劳荷载和冻融循环耦合作用下路面混凝土内部裂缝的演化规律, 采用SEM与形态学图像分割法对不同疲劳荷载和冻融循环耦合阶段的混凝土微裂缝进行提取, 采用Image-Pro Plus对微裂缝进行量化, 采用灰色关联法研究了裂缝特征参数与耦合作用后路面混凝土弯拉强度损失的相关性。分析结果表明: 路面混凝土内部存在平均宽度为13μm、最大长度为144μm的原始微裂缝, 耦合作用下裂缝的演化沿长度方向为延伸和断裂交替变化, 沿宽度方向为扩张和收缩交替变化, 混凝土破坏时裂缝最大长度达到352.64μm, 裂缝平均宽度达到15.4μm; 当冻融循环150次时, 裂缝面积密度显著增大, 与原始微裂缝相比, 混凝土破坏时裂缝面积密度增大了6.7倍; 耦合作用下路面混凝土裂缝分形维数、平均宽度、最大长度与弯拉强度的相关性较高, 灰色关联度分别为0.957、0.954、0.871;通过回归分析建立了路面混凝土弯拉强度损失与裂缝结构参数之间的方程, 弯拉强度损失与裂缝分形维数、平均宽度、最大长度之间存在较好的线性相关性, 相关系数达到0.97。     

三体船横向结构波浪设计载荷试验与规范比较研究

三体船连接桥结构波浪设计载荷的确定对结构设计中关注的横向强度问题来说是非常重要的.为了研究一艘三体船连接桥横向波浪载荷,进行了该三体船的水池模型试验,包含不同浪向下规则波与不规则波试验.试验对连接桥遭受的分离弯矩Msp、分离剪力Qsp和横向扭矩Mtt进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计的特性.根据对这些连接桥横向波浪载荷在试验值、推断值与规范计算值之间的比较分析表明:劳氏规范关于这些横向波浪载荷的计算值可能对应于规则波双幅波高6.0m;对于不同的横向波浪载荷来说,保证率为99%的设计载荷推断值对横向扭矩Mtt来说要大于规范计算值,而分离弯矩Msp和分离剪力Qsp的推断值对应的规范计算值则相当,这意味着没计人员在用劳氏规范进行校核时,横向扭矩Mtt的规范计算值是偏向于冒险的,应给予特别关注.     

公允价值原则在企业会计准则中的应用体现及缺陷

在2006年公布的新会计准则中,我国有选择地采用了公允价值这一计量属性,这符合我国市场经济发展的要求,是与国际惯例接轨的必然。     

薄壁沉箱在基坑开挖中的应用

在细砂土质地层中开挖基坑，若地下水丰富且水位较高，极易产生“流沙”现象。采用薄壁沉箱作为开挖的支护结构。施工快捷又经济合理。薄壁沉箱刚度较小。土压力按朗金土压力理论取主动土压力的1.2倍，比静止土压力约小25％，满足施工安全要求。随着地下水位的降低，改变沉箱的结构形式和力学模式，可节约较多的材料。     

型钢水泥土构件界面粘结应力试验研究

为研究型钢水泥土复合构件中型钢与水泥土之间的相互作用,进行了型钢水泥土复合构件在型钢受轴向拉力作用下的室内试验,得到了粘结应力沿构件全长的分布规律和构件内某点粘结力的变化规律。证明在试验所用的水泥土强度条件下,型钢与水泥土有效锚固长度为构件全长,且构件破坏时锚固长度内各点均达到极限粘结应力。     

铁路客运乘务派班系统的设计与实现

在对西安铁路局客运段乘务派班业务调研的基础上,针对突出问题和现实需求,设计并开发了铁路客运乘务派班系统。该系统实现了多种乘务交路的排班规则,并根据规则自动生成日和月度乘务交路计划,此外,系统还具有派班、考勤、报表统计等功能。     

公路网规划评价指标选取

分析了公路网规划评价类型、内容和目的 ,探讨了评价指标选取准则与方法     

重要用途钢丝绳使用安全评估原则及推荐方法

从在用钢丝绳的安全管理要求出发，研究重要用途钢丝绳使用过程中承载差异、使用周期、载荷总量、安全系数可靠性等方面的安全评估原则，提出推荐方法，提供钢丝绳日常检测与安全决策的重要评估手段。