一种新型的GSM-R无线信道仿真机制

在CTCS-3级列控系统中,GSM-R无线通信系统负责承载车地间传输的关键列控数据,其传输能力与CTCS-3列控系统性能紧密相关。借助无线信道仿真机制模拟现场信道特性,分析无线传输性能,是研究GSM-R系统性能的重要手段。然而,在列车行驶过程中,终端移动速度、传播环境都会发生快速变化,无法使用传统电信领域的基于固定速度与场景的信道仿真机制。提出一种新型的GSM-R无线信道仿真机制,通过建立与铁路线路匹配的无线信道模型,并根据列车移动速度信息动态配置仿真输出特性,模拟车载电台在变化场景与运行速度下的传输性能,实现在CTCS-3级列控仿真系统中实时仿真GSM-R信道性能的目的。     

GPS中频信号仿真及软件接收机设计

提出一种中频信号的软件仿真方法,通过对GPS L1C/A码信号的研究,分析GPS中频信号的数学模型。设计实现GPS中频信号仿真器,并以多普勒频率仿真、多径干扰仿真和噪声仿真为例对GPS中频信号进行仿真实验,为GPS软件接收机的设计与验证提供高效平台。在介绍GPS软件接收机原理的基础上,研究信号捕获、信号跟踪及导航电文解算的实现过程。将设计的GPS接收机的定位解算结果与NovAtel接收机实际测量结果进行比较。结果表明:软件接收机各功能模块算法正确,可以满足使用要求,具有良好的灵活性和可扩展性。     

Motion cueing in high-performance vehicle simulators

The majority of motion cueing algorithms have been developed for passenger car applications, with correspondingly less research dedicated to race-car and high-performance vehicle simulators. In the high-performance context, the focus is on cueing the vehicle's behavioural and handling characteristics, particularly when driving near the limits of performance. In race-car simulators the cueing requirements are therefore quite different, with the problem made all the more challenging by the presence of large accelerations. To understand the drivers' cueing needs, the vehicle's stability and handling response characteristics must be examined near the performance boundary. Frozen-time eigenvalue analyses are used to determine stability and response characteristics across all vehicle operating conditions, including accelerating and braking under cornering, with the results used to determine motion cueing algorithm requirements. Lateral acceleration and yaw cueing filters are designed in order to retain information critical to understanding the vehicle's behaviour on its performance boundary. Cueing filters are then tested, with the help of a professional race-car driver, and are found to provide the cues necessary for the driver to control the vehicle on the limit of performance.     

Validation of railway vehicle dynamic models in training simulators

Training simulators play an important role for sustaining safety, efficiency and cost effective railway transportation. Dynamic modelling of train systems is one of the main modules of training simulators. Validation of the dynamic models with collected real data ensures the fidelity of the simulator utilising the respective models. In this study, a validation process (Dynamic Modelling Validation Process (DyMVaP)) which is developed to support the validation of railway dynamic models is introduced. However, the proposed process can also be used in validating other dynamic models as well. The developed process is based on five steps including the preparation of validation scenarios, sensor deployment, real data collection, data preparation, and comparison of simulated and measured data. Note that the proposed DyMVaP was used for the validation of a full-mission training simulator so called TRENSIM, which was developed for Turkish State Railways. During the study it is realised that the current speed, travelled distance, acceleration (in x, y, z directions), rotation angles (around x, y, z axes), air pressure, in-train pressure/tension forces, traction motor currents, catenary voltage, positions of controllers must be collected synchronously by using proper sensors in order to ensure simulation validation. The required data was collected from locomotive body, bogies, wheel sets and connection of railway cars. The data (～200?GB) collected from the field by applying 27 different scenarios and transformed into appropriate data for utilising the generated dynamic models within the simulator. The measured and simulated data were also compared visually using graphical representation of the parameters as well as performing computations regarding the magnitude, phase and comprehensive error factors.     

汽车动态仿真器运动系统控制算法研究

汽车动态仿真器的研制必须建立在驾驶员视觉，触觉，听觉及体感的高逼真度模拟的基础上，研究了体感模拟技术的算法及建模，并进行了计算机仿真，仿真结果表明，所研究的运动控制算法，可为驾驶员提供逼真的运动感觉，可用于汽车动态仿真器的开发研究中心。     

船舶动力定位模拟器自动定位功能研究与实现

为了自主研发功能完备、扩展性好的船舶动力定位模拟器,分析船舶动力定位模拟器中各个模块的功能,对现有航海模拟器的系统架构进行改进,提出适用于多单元协同仿真的船舶动力定位模拟器系统架构。根据动力定位系统自动定位模式的原理,设计动力定位控制器和推力分配算法,提出使用 Direct2D图形技术来设计动力定位人机交互界面。最后在所设计的动力定位模拟器系统架构下,以1艘动力定位供给船为仿真对象实现在不同海况条件下的自动定位功能和系统信息显示,并验证算法的有效性。     

Driver's braking behavior approaching pedestrian crossings: a parametric duration model of the speed reduction times

The driver's braking behavior while approaching zebra crossings under different safety measures (curb extensions, parking restrictions, and advance yield markings) and without treatment (baseline condition) was examined. The speed reduction time was the variable used to describe the driver's behavior. Forty‐two drivers drove a driving simulator on an urban scenario in which the baseline condition and the safety measures were implemented. The speed reduction time was modeled with a parametric duration model to compare the effects on driver's braking behavior of vehicle dynamic variables and different countermeasures. The parametric accelerated failure time duration model with a Weibull distribution identified that the vehicle dynamic variables and only the countermeasure curb extensions affected, in a statistically significant way, the driver's speed reduction time in response to a pedestrian crossing. This result shows that the driver, because of the improved visibility of the pedestrian allowed by the curb extensions, was able to receive a clear information and better to adapt his approaching speed to yield to the pedestrian, avoiding abrupt maneuvers. This also means a reduction of likelihood of rear‐end collision due to less aggressive braking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of intersection field of view on emergent collision avoidance performance at unsignalized intersections: analysis based on driving simulator experiments

Proper intersection sight distance can effectively lower the possibility of intersection accidents. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2011) provide a series of recommended dimensions of intersection sight triangles for uncontrolled and stop/yield‐controlled intersections. However, in reality, although the actual intersection design for unsignalized intersections satisfies the requirements of sight distance and clear sight triangle in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' guideline, there are still a large number of crashes occurring at unsignalized intersections for drivers running stop/yield signs or failing to slow down. This paper presents a driving simulator study on pre‐crash at intersections under three intersection field of view (IFOV) conditions. The aim was to explore whether better IFOVs at unsignalized intersections improve their emergent collision avoidance performance under an assumption of valid intersection sight distance design. The experimental results show drivers' ability to identify potential hazards to be significantly affected by their IFOVs. As drivers' IFOV improved, drivers were more likely to choose braking actions to avoid collisions. Better IFOVs were also associated with significant increases in brake time to intersection and significant reductions in deceleration rate and crash rate, thus leading to a lower risk of traffic crash involvement. The results indicate that providing a better IFOV for drivers at intersections should be encouraged in practical applications in order to improve drivers' crash avoidance capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于组态软件的船舶电动起货机仿真训练器设计

针对基于PLC和组态软件的船舶电动起货机仿真训练器进行了设计,重点介绍了系统的构成、上位机设计、网络通信及编程。该训练器的研发提高了轮机管理人员的实践能力,也在轮机工程专业教学工作中发挥了重要作用。     

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交通标志的重复间距直接影响其实施效果,设置过于密集增加驾驶员的脑力负担,浪费社会资源. 设置过于稀疏,起不到预期的效果.本文从驾驶安全性和驾驶员短期记忆特性两个方面综合考虑公路单义标志的重复设置间距. 采用室内模拟舱实验的方法,选取42名驾驶员,对单义交通标志进行驾驶员短期记忆实验,根据实验结果建立驾驶员短期记忆衰减指数模型. 根据研究,在认读后的前35s内记忆衰减大于4%,记忆正确性超过50%;在35秒后衰减小于3%,记忆正确率下降为50%以下. 将此结果应用于公路单义标志的重复设置过程,根据驾驶员不同运行速度,定量给出公路单义标志的重复设置间距.