一型磁场仿真模拟器的设计

简要论述了磁场半实物仿真模拟器在水雷反水雷武器仿真系统中的重要作用;介绍了磁场半实物仿真模拟器的结构组成和工作原理,针对磁场产生器和磁场驱动器2个核心装置,分别作了理论推导和调试结果的分析,验证了模拟器的合理性。磁场半实物仿真模拟器根据仿真数学模型来计算空间某一点磁场的时间历程,模拟舰船通过环境干扰或两者复合作用时,水雷磁传感器所接收到的真实磁场信号,可以用来验证水雷反水雷武器性能、评估水雷反水雷作战效果等。     

基于PC机的雷达图像信号采集与显示系统

提出了一种基于PC机的雷达图像信号采集与显示系统的实现方法。整个系统设计包括硬件电路设计、固件设计以及上位机软件编程。采用CPLD作为硬件采集电路的核心元件,控制外围电路采集雷达图像信号到采集卡上的缓冲区中。采集卡使用2片双口RAM构成双缓冲区结构,当1块缓冲区完成1条扫描线数据存储后,数据会通过PCI总线被取走。软件设计则分为驱动程序以及应用程序设计2部分。驱动程序收到CPLD取数据信号后,会将采集到的雷达图像数据从采集卡上的缓冲区复制到应用程序缓冲区中等待处理。最终,应用程序将缓冲区中数据取出,进行各种处理后,将最终的雷达图像在PC机显示器上进行显示。     

动目标侦察雷达模拟训练器回波形成单元的设计与实现

通过分析活动目标侦察雷达动目标显示的基本工作原理,得出对活动目标回波信号的模拟必须包含三种信息:幅度信息、频域信息、时域信息。根据这些条件,对活动目标侦察校射雷达模拟器的回波形成单元进行了基本设计。在组成框图设计的基础上,结合实际经验,设计并实现形成活动目标回波信号的基本电路。     

美国海军水声对抗设备及其使用方法

介绍美国海军潜艇和水面舰艇装备的主要水声对抗设备的种类、型号及其主要性能指标,并分别对各种类型的水声对抗设备的单独使用过程和综合使用的方法加以说明。     

基于LGSVL/Apollo的网络延迟攻击下自动驾驶车辆定位估算

为提高网络延迟攻击下自动驾驶车辆定位估计算法的精确度,研究了延迟模型下自动驾驶车辆定位的无偏差有限脉冲响应(UFIR)估计器设计方法,并仿真实验.搭建延迟攻击下的车辆运动学模型,拓展模型至有限长度的时间窗口,推导UFIR算法按批处理式与迭代式表达形式,分析Apollo系统各功能模块的数据流动,基于LG开源自动驾驶仿真器...     

小学门前交通安全设施组合优化实验研究

学校地区作为交通安全重点保护区域,已受到各界的广泛关注.本文以提高小学地区的交通安全为目的,并以北京市小学门前交通安全设施对车速的影响为出发点,通过实地调查小学地区道路交通环境、人车之间的冲突等对小学类型进行划分.并通过问卷调查获取不同类型小学门前交通参与者对交通安全设施的需求,进而利用驾驶模拟实验方法对不同的交通安全设施组合方案进行评估.选取平均速度、相对速度变化率、加速度标准差作为方案评价指标,提出不同类型学校门前所应设置的交通安全设施最优组合方案.希望能够为规范小学地区交通安全设施设置提供依据.     

基于多用户驾驶模拟平台的雾天高速公路跟驰模型参数标定及验证

高速公路连环追尾事故多发生在雾天环境下,且容易造成严重的事故人员伤亡。当前的跟驰及追尾风险研究多集中于两车跟驰,缺乏对雾天情况下车队跟驰的研究。利用雾天环境下车队跟驰轨迹数据对传统主流跟驰模型进行标定验证,基于多用户驾驶模拟平台设计了8个不同雾天等级和限速组合的高速公路虚拟场景,开展驾驶模拟试验并采集数据。试验招募了8名男性驾驶人并通过随机调整他们在车队中的位置顺序来获得足够的车队跟驰轨迹数据,根据判定标准筛选合适的车队跟驰轨迹数据,按照2:1的原则分配标定和验证阶段的数据组。选取Newell、Gipps和IDM三个主流跟车模型进行参数标定和验证,以时间序列的车头间距和相对均方根误差(RMSPE)分别作为性能指标参数和拟合优度函数,使用遗传算法搜寻目标函数最小值以标定跟驰模型参数,并用车辆轨迹完整性(CVT)和RMSPE评价验证阶段的仿真结果。结果表明:在标定阶段,Newell、Gipps和IDM三个模型的RMSPE整体平均值分别为30.1%、18.6%和27.7%,各个试验条件下Gipps模型的RMSPE值均小于另外2个模型,说明Gipps模型能更好地拟合试验数据;在验证阶段,Gipps模型的RMSPE整体平均值为21.2%,远小于另外2个模型,可见Gipps模型在局部精确度上的鲁棒性要优于Newell模型和IDM模型;Gipps模型的CVT整体平均值和波动幅度分别为98.1%和2.0%,均是3个模型中的最小值,说明Gipps模型在整体轨迹上的鲁棒性也优于另外2个模型。雾天环境下,Gipps模型具备更好的拟合能力和鲁棒性,因此推荐仿真软件使用Gipps模型模拟雾天环境下车队跟驰行为,不同雾天等级及限速下的Gipps模型参数可参考该研究标定的参数。     

Role of steering wheel feedback on driver performance: driving simulator and modeling analysis

When driving in curves, how do drivers use the force appearing on the steering wheel? As it carries information related to lateral acceleration, this force could be necessary for drivers to tune their internal model of vehicle dynamics; alternatively, being opposed to the drivers' efforts, it could just help them stabilize the steering wheel position. To assess these two hypotheses, we designed an experiment on a motion-based driving simulator. The steering characteristics of the vehicle were modified in the course of driving, unknown to drivers. Results obtained with standard drivers showed a surprisingly wide range of adaptation, except for exaggerated modifications of the steering force feedback. A two-level driver model, combining a preview of vehicle dynamics and a neuromuscular steering control, reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and indicates that adaptation occurs at the haptic level rather than in the internal model of vehicle dynamics. This effect is related to other theories on the manual control of dynamics systems, wherein force feedback characteristics are abstracted at the position control level. This research also illustrates the use of driving simulation for the study of driver behavior and future intelligent steering assistance systems.     

新颖船舶燃油锅炉模拟实验系统的研制

针对船舶燃油辅锅炉控制对象的多元性,在简要介绍其组成及功能的基础上,构建了一种新颖的船舶燃油锅炉实验模拟系统。为了逼真反映船舶燃油锅炉工作原理和工作过程,建立了锅炉本体及燃油锅炉控制箱的仿真实物模型,设计了燃烧、水位信号检测电路,利用PLC开发燃烧过程和水位控制程序。实际应用验证了该模拟系统的可行性,解决了船舶燃油锅炉教学上的难题。     

Interface design considerations for an in-vehicle eco-driving assistance system

This high-fidelity driving simulator study used a paired comparison design to investigate the effectiveness of 12 potential eco-driving interfaces. Previous work has demonstrated fuel economy improvements through the provision of in-vehicle eco-driving guidance using a visual or haptic interface. This study uses an eco-driving assistance system that advises the driver of the most fuel efficient accelerator pedal angle, in real time. Assistance was provided to drivers through a visual dashboard display, a multimodal visual dashboard and auditory tone combination, or a haptic accelerator pedal. The style of advice delivery was varied within each modality. The effectiveness of the eco-driving guidance was assessed via subjective feedback, and objectively through the pedal angle error between system-requested and participant-selected accelerator pedal angle. Comparisons amongst the six haptic systems suggest that drivers are guided best by a force feedback system, where a driver experiences a step change in force applied against their foot when they accelerate inefficiently. Subjective impressions also identified this system as more effective than a stiffness feedback system involving a more gradual change in pedal feedback. For interfaces with a visual component, drivers produced smaller pedal errors with an in-vehicle visual display containing second order information on the required rate of change of pedal angle, in addition to current fuel economy information. This was supported by subjective feedback. The presence of complementary audio alerts improved eco-driving performance and reduced visual distraction from the roadway. The results of this study can inform the further development of an in-vehicle assistance system that supports ‘green’ driving.