马恩航运经济思想的研究与启示简

马恩航运思想是尚待挖掘的宝藏。轮船作为当时主要的交通运输方式,时间和空间都为马恩研究航运业提供了条件。但其思想没有形成系统的理论体系,只散见于著作之中。本文从航运业的性质、航运业与资本主义产生、航运业与工业化的耦合关系以及与港口城市发展四个方面进行了初步研究和整理,并就其对当今我国发展航运经济的启示进行了几点归纳。     

中国食盐供应链模式分析

当下国家的食盐市场尚不具备成熟的经营主体、消费者群体及市场监管,无法实现食盐经营市场化。在此背景下,本文概述了美国、日本和中国的盐业体制特点、供应链模式的现状及问题,然后,借鉴美国供应链模式的优势,在分析我国食盐供应链运作特点及各环节参与者矛盾的基础上从纵向和横向两方面对食盐供应链运作提出优化建议,如在专营体制下优化食盐供应链及建立食盐供应链的市场化组织结构。最后,对建立食盐供应链的市场化组织结构进行展望。     

天津游艇产业发展现状与管理对策

文中介绍了天津游艇产业的良好优势,分析了游艇面临着诸多问题,提出了做好游艇行政管理和安全监管的相关建议,对游艇产业安全、健康的发展具有重要意。     

基于PCA和DEA的江苏省物流业碳排放效率评价

根据物流行业的特点并结合江苏省的实际情况,从物流业总体情况、交通运输、信息及人力资源等几大方面选取了8个投入指标,并以物流业增加值及货运汽车碳排放量为输出指标,构建出江苏省碳排放效率评价体系。针对传统方法的局限,利用主成分分析法对评价指标进行降维,并结合非期望产出处理等方法,再运用DEA方法对江苏省物流业碳排放的效率进行评价。研究表明,2010年江苏省13个城市中,南京、无锡等6个城市在综合效率、纯技术效率及规模效率上都达到了DEA有效,规模报酬不变,碳排放效率是最好的;而其他几个城市没有达到DEA有效,因此对这些城市的松弛变量分布进行分析并有针对性的提出了改善建议,旨在促进其物流业的可持续发展。     

Shipping economics: where we are and looking ahead from an institutional economics perspective [1]

There have been significant changes in the nature of shipping services in recent years. These have been most notably in the liner segment, but other parts of the market have not remained static. Technology shifts have been responsible for some of the change, but there have also been developments in institutional structures and managerial approaches. The economic drivers behind the sector, however, remain relatively poorly understood, despite a copious literature on shipping. Managerial economics has tended to put emphasis on the emergence of more sophisticated logistics structures and the role of information to tighten the overall supply chain. Industrial economists have been concerned with technical change and in particular with its interaction with more liberal markets structures. Often tied with this has been interest in the underlying nature of shipping markets (e.g. competitive, monopolistic or contestable) and, depending on the outcome, whether there is price leadership, collusion, predatory behaviour or whatever. Much of this work has been aspatial, treating shipping as any other industry with distance between demand and supply ignored or incorporated in a very simplistic manner. Environmental economists have focused on matters of fuel efficiency and pollution. This paper takes a broad overview of shipping economics in the context of the larger institutional framework within which it operates. It seeks broader analysis within an institutional economics framework, but also highlights some of the problems of achieving this.     

航运安全管理工作的几点思考

随着航运事业的蓬勃发展，船舶、船公司迅速增加，为提高岸上和船上安全管理水平，减少或避免船舶事故发生，对航运安全管理的理念和方法提出了相关建议，该建议对现代航运企业的安全和管理具有一定的参考价值。     

基于动态二叉树的西江航运干线多梯级船闸链调度

针对西江航运船闸调度以经验管理为主、缺乏有效定量分析现状,提出了基于船闸拥堵系数、船舶日积压损失、航道安全水位各要素于一体的西江航运干线多梯级船闸联合调度链。基于西江航运干线天然的叶脉状分布特点,提出了动态二叉树模型的西江多梯级船闸链的调度算法。结果表明:通过对船舶的合理分流,能够有效缓解船闸滞航减少事故发生率。其模型已应用于航运管理部门,有效地优化了船闸链调度、保障了航运物资安全。     

Reposition of empty containers of different life stages integrated with liner shipping network design

ABSTRACT

This paper integrates empty container reposition with container shipping network design considering the container life stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the liner shipping network, the initial launch ports of new containers, the ports for scrapping obsolete containers, the empty container reposition scheme and the containers of different life stages being used for a specific voyage. A case study is done by taking liner shipping among China, Japan and South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and the US as an example. The results show that over 93% of new containers are put into use in China while 63% of old containers are scrapped in Europe or the US, and 73% of containers used for packing cargoes from China to the US are those at the Decline Stage or the Exit Stage.     

Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends,feasibility and implications

ABSTRACT

The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations.     

国内船舶企业能耗及污染物排放

通过国内船舶企业的调研数据,建立基于反向传播人工神经网络(Back Propagation-Artificial Neutral Network, BP-ANN)的板材日切割量预测模型,实现对船舶修造工艺能耗及污染物排放的评估,并计算得到船舶工业的能耗及污染物排放指数。通过对能耗及污染物排放现状的深入分析,梳理国内船舶企业能耗及污染物排放特征及影响因素,并提出船舶企业节能环保体系的构建要点,为后续船舶修造工艺优化和船舶工业高质量发展提供科学依据。