Internalization of port congestion: strategic effect behind shipping line delays and implications for terminal charges and investment

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decrease its operation in the other. If the liners are involved in a Stackelberg competition, whether they operate more or less in a terminal under the knock-on effect depends on the comparison between the marginal congestion costs of terminals. Furthermore, we find that the coordinated profit-maximizing terminal charges are higher than both the socially optimal terminal charges and the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges. When the knock-on effect is small, the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges are set at higher levels than the socially optimal terminal charges; but when the knock-on effect is sufficiently large, this relationship may reverse. Besides, the capacity investment rules are the same for welfare-maximizing terminal operator and coordinated profit-maximizing terminal operator, while independent profit-maximizing terminal operators invest less in capacity. The larger the knock-on effect, the larger this discrepancy.     

Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications

The importance of a seaport depends on how well it is connected in a transportation network. A port’s connectivity is therefore one of the key issues in determining its competitiveness and developments in regions and countries. We construct a port connectivity index for major Norwegian ports based on a unique dataset derived from the automated identification system (AIS) for multiple vessel types over a 7-year period. Port connectivity is evaluated empirically by the number of unique vessel visits, vessel sizes, and cargo sizes. The research has implications for port authorities and policy makers in the areas of port planning, infrastructure investment, short sea shipping promotion, and environmental policies. The contributions of this research are twofold. First, the methodology linking the AIS vessel-tracking system with port connectivity is a pioneering empirical application of maritime big data. Second, the port connectivity index is constructed for multiple vessel types and regional port groups, which is an improvement from the current literature where conceptual measures are constructed based on hypothetical and usually too simple optimization rules. The methodology can be easily expanded to other regions in the world.     

新能源及智能网联汽车的发展

文章简要介绍了汽车业改革及由此带来的发展趋势,阐述了节能减排及环保的重要性,分析了汽车能源革命的必然性。本文通过对新能源汽车和智能网联汽车的现状和未来发展趋势进行分析,得出了在汽车行业的发展中可以为人们的生活提供一些高质量的服务的结论。此外,也对我国新能源汽车和智能网联汽车的发展提出了相关的改进建议。     

我国海运业在重点领域实施创新突破的问题和对策

目前海运业面临一系列新挑战,针对海运业创新重点领域所面临的问题和原因,从"激活主动性、发挥监督性和消除普遍性"三个方面,提出推动海运业在重点领域实现创新突破的对策.     

浙江物流业加速融入长三角的思索

长三角作为中国经济最活跃、最具竞争力、最有发展潜力的地区,近几年现代物流业得到了长足的发展。但各地间的产业类同、建设重复、过度竞争。各行业、各环节间衔接不畅等问题仍制约着物流业的进一步快速发展。面对未来。浙江在长三角中如何根据实际进行正确定位．走出一条适合发展现代物流业的新路子．本文作者从现状与不足中提出了自己的新观点．     

基于价值链的中海集运公司风险管理

现代海运业具有"高投资、高风险、高收益"的特点.由于风险众多而分散,传统的企业风险管理模式已难以满足现代航运企业对于风险管理的需求.从系统和集成的角度出发,提出了基于Hines价值链的航运企业风险管理模式,将航运企业面临的风险分为企业内部风险、企业间风险、价值链外部风险等3个层次;针对不同层次的风险宜采取不同的风险处理策略,并特别论述了上述3层次风险之间的关联性.作为案例,对中海集运公司的风险管理实践进行了剖析.结论表明,我国航运企业在企业内部风险管理方面已积累了丰富的经验,并开始重视通过企业间合作来削弱企业间风险的影响,但在价值链外部风险上尚乏举措,在风险管理文化的构建上亦有待深化.     

我国邮轮制造业发展探析

邮轮经济的蓬勃发展给邮轮制造业带来巨大机遇,而邮轮本身也朝着规模大型化、功能全面化和船龄年轻化的趋势发展。虽然我国造船企业有建造各种船舶的经验,但唯独豪华邮轮尚未建造。文中通过分析世界邮轮制造业现状及我国发展邮轮制造业的必要性和可行性,给出发展我国邮轮制造业的建议。     

电子商务环境下国内船舶行业集中采购模式研究

随着电子商务对船舶行业的渗透,集中化电子采购将成为船舶行业降低采购成本,提高产业竞争力的一种有效工具,通过对国内船舶行业推行电子化集中采购的可行性进行分析,提出了船舶行业推行电子化集中采购解决方案,同时也指出了推行过程中可能存在的困难.     

交通行业推行代建制探析

代建制在交通建设中是否完全适用的问题,已成为人们关注的热点。文章分析研究了代建制的基本理论,交通行业推行代建制的现状和利弊,并提出了相关建议。对非交通工程推行代建制;对交通工程分类分步骤推行代建制;对交通项目代建公司的资质进行规制;尽快完善代建的政策和法规。对澄清代建制在交通建设中是否完全适用的问题及完善和推行代建制具有重要意义。     

辽宁现代物流产业发展的思考和建议

辽宁老工业基地振兴对现代物流产业发展的需求日益旺盛.分析了辽宁加快现代物流产业发展的历史机遇,对加快发展现代物流产业的指导思想、战略定位、工作目标和政策措施进行了探讨,提出了具体建议.